The growing demand for freight and passenger transportation and the growing interest of the population in improving the speed, quality and safety of transportation require a new approach to the development of the railway complex, taking into account systemic trends in Russia and the global economy. In the longer term, it is necessary to reduce the transport costs of the national economy, ensure the accessibility of transport to entities, increase the competitiveness of transport services and solve the systemic problem of increasing the speed of freight and passenger trains. In recent years Russia has been discussing the development of the Baikal-Amur Mainline, which in Soviet times was a grandiose construction project of the era and an embodiment of the country’s power. However, there are a number of problems related to the weak socio-economic development of the regions. The Baikal-Amur Mainline was a grandiose construction project of the era and the epitome of the country’s power. The article pays particular attention to the further development of the Baikal-Amur Mainline.