Informal employment of rural residents

The theoretical foundations of the analysis of informal employment that have developed in modern sociological science have been considered, the modern society phenomenon characteristic patterns have been highlighted, and various interpretations of the informal employment concept have been given. The specifics of informal labor relations in urban and rural areas has been described, and possible factors and causes of developing and spreading unformal employment in rural areas have been identified. The empirical study results have been presented, which made it possible to identify the features of informal employment of both rural residents and individual social groups of villagers (according to such parameters as the idea of informal employment, the attitude towards the spread of informal employment, emotional assessment of informal employment, willingness to participate in informal labor relations, experience of participation in informal labor relations, alleged motives, and advantages and disadvantages of informal employment), as well as factors, which influence the formation of rural residents’ attitude towards informal employment. The study results can be used to further study the regional features of informal labor relations in urban and rural areas and their dynamics, as well as to optimize the process of informal labor relations among rural residents.

1. Alabuzhev D.S. Analysis of the peculiarities of the transition of Russian high-tech enterprises from planned economy to market economy. Journal of Economics, Entrepreneurship and Law. 2011;3:49–63. (In Russian).

2. Opaleva O.I., Cherenkova Yu.V. Transitional economy: from a planned directive to a market economy. Finance and credit. 2009;29:72–84. (In Russian).

3. Kaufman N.Yu. The genesis of labor market development conflicts in the digital economy. Vestnik universiteta. 2019;5:16–22. (In Russian).

4. Razumova T.O., Artamonova M.V. Flexible forms of employment in the system of criteria of the future in the field of labor concept. Scientific Research of the Faculty of Economics. 2017;4(26):7–27. (In Russian).

5. Samaeva E.V., Samaeva A.D. Modern forms of employment in the Russian economy. In: Modern social and economic processes: problems, trends, prospects for regional developmentt: Proceedings of the All-Russian Scientific and Practical Conference, Elista, February 28, 2023. Elista: Institute of Integrated Research of Arid Territories; 2023. Pp. 61–66. (In Russian).

6. Shanin T. Informal economy: Russia and the world. Moscow: Logos; 1999. 578 p. (In Russian).

7. Hart K. Informal economy opportunities and the urban employment in Ghana. Journal of Modern Africa Studies. 1973;1(11):61–89. (In Russian).

8. Barsukova S.Yu. Informal economy: concept, history of study, research approaches. Sociological Research. 2012;2:31–39. (In Russian).

9. Eremicheva G.V., Mannila S. Practices of informal employment of workers in the labor market in the Russian context. St. Petersburg Sociology Today. 2019;12:47–74. (In Russian).

10. Danilova M.N., Ufimtseva E.V., Podoprigora Yu.V. The fight against informal employment in the Tomsk region. In: Priority areas for science and education development. Moscow: Nauka i prosveshhenie; 2018. Pp. 176–183. (In Russian).

11. Sidorina T.Yu. Man and his work: from the past to the information age. Social sciences and modernity. 2007;3:32–43. (In Russian).

12. Maslova E.V. On the issue of systemic regulation of informal employment. Bulletin of the Voronezh State University. 2018;2:104–110. (In Russian).

13. Sinyavskaya O.V. Informal employment in Russia: measurement, scale, dynamics. Economic sociology. 2005;2:12–28. (In Russian).

14. Tkachenko A.A. Rural area: concept and approaches to typology. Bulletin of the Moscow University. Geography. 2023;2:3–9. (In Russian).

15. Efimova A.A. A rural resident lifestyle. Molodoi uchenyi. 2015;20:411–414. (In Russian).

16. Kapelyushnikov R.I. Informal employment in Russia: what the alternative definitions say. Journal of the New Economic Association. 2013;4(20):52–83. (In Russian).

17. Nagaeva T.V. Practices of neighborhood relations in rural areas (on the example of the village of Poretskoye in the Chuvash Republic). In: XLVIII Ogarev readings: Proceedings of the Scientific Conference, part 3, Saransk, December 6–13, 2019. Saransk: Ogarev National Research Mordovian State University; 2020. Pp. 95–99. (In Russian).

18. Mendokhov R.A. Problems, factors and features of rural poverty. Proceedings of Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V.M. Kokov. Economic sciences. 2014;1(3):123–126. (In Russian).

19. Smirnova T.A. Unemployment in rural settlements of Russia: the state and possibilities of solving the problem. The age of science. 2019;19:62–67. (In Russian).

20. Tomilova E.E., Zadorina M.A. The issue of increasing the availability and quality of educational services in rural areas. In: Innovative potential of youth: forming a new type of culturе: Proceedings of the All-Russian Youth Research Conference dedicated to the Year of Culture and the Year of Science in Russia, Yekaterinburg, October 27–28, 2014. Yekaterinburg: Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B.N. Yeltsin; 2014. Рр. 280–284. (In Russian).

21. Golovko V.B., Khlyzov A.D. Developing infrastructure of credit and savings institutions as a way to increase the availability of financial services for rural population. International Scientific Research Journal. 2016;2–1(44):8–13. (In Russian).

22. Kalinina I.V., Solovchenkov S.A. Problems of the development of non-standard employment in rural areas of the Jewish Autonomous Region. Proceedings of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 2018;4:33–45. (In Russian).

23. Gorelov V.V. The main problems of seasonality of agricultural labor. Socio-economic sciences and humanitarian studies. 2015;7:71–74. (In Russian).

24. Kodina I.N. Practices of labor behavior of rural residents (the Parfenevo village case). Labirint. 2014;3:40–48. (In Russian).

25. Makhalina O.M., Makhalin V.N. The self-employed and the parallel import project as options for resolving social and economic problems. Bulletin of the University. 2023;10:172–182.