Modernisation of innovative activities of regional economic system in the conditions of economic challenges of modernity

The article presents a comprehensive study of the essence of the modern theory of innovation-based modernisation, emphasising the need for a theoretical and methodological reassessment and clarification of its conceptual foundations. The author analyses the evolution of modernisation concepts, highlighting the main approaches to its interpretation within socio-economic and institutional contexts. Special attention is given to the critique of universalist models of modernisation, which assume linear and uniform development trajectories, and the rationale for transitioning to more flexible strategies that take into account national, regional, and historical-cultural specificities. Various types of modernisation processes are examined – ranging from loca lised, fragmented modernisation to a comprehensive systemic transformation – with an exploration of their connection to strategic priorities of socio- economic development. Both long-term structural changes and short-term tactical measures aimed at stimulating innovation activity are analysed. The article pays particular attention to the role of the state as a key actor in the modernisation process, capable of compensating for institutional and market dysfunctions. The insufficiency of purely market-based mechanisms for the effective dissemination and adoption of innovations is substantiated, necessitating active state policy in the sphere of scientific and technological development, the technological renewal of core economic sectors, and the creation of a supportive innovation infrastructure.

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