A set of theoretical, practical and methodological issues of determining the economic status of the state, based on the use of indicators of stability, dynamic and qualitative indicators of state development has been examined for obtaining a generalized assessment of monetary policy on the example of the BRICS countries. The fuzzy set tools, peer review, graphic analysis, and tools for calculating common integral indicators, based on selected indicators, reflecting its state, have been used. The methodology will be interesting to state authorities, investment funds and investors. The results of the study can be used in investment decisions and economic analysis of countries. The practical significance of the obtained results сonsists in a generalized assessment and an opportunity to evaluate the economic development of the country, taking into account the monetary policy of the BRICS countries.

The article has been devoted to the analysis of features of application of program budgeting in municipalities, and also to identification of problems at its application. One of the important conditions for maintaining stable socio-economic development of the municipality is the effective management of municipal finances. The system of management of municipal finances should be aimed at their effective use in the framework of budget policy objectives. Software budgeting can be a modern tool for effective management of municipal finances. The structure of the expenditure part of the budgets of municipalities of the Republic of North Ossetia – Alania in the framework of program activities and non-program activities has been analyzed in the paper. Methods of increasing the effectiveness of program budgeting have been proposed.

Human resources capacity in research is considered through the identification of HR capacity and labor potential by identifying common features or differentiating the concepts of HR capacity and labor potential. In the context of organization management, it is important to take into account direction of managerial decisions. This circumstance has determined the author‘s classification of elements of HR capacity in three  blocks: business orientation (level of knowledge, competence and competency skills, physical development, discipline), power orientation (age and gender, social and professional status, organizational skills and leadership), people orientation (communication skills, emotional culture and emotional abilities, corporate identity). HR capacity development programs based on consideration of these blocks has the focus on ensuring strategic coherence.

The nature of educational services of higher education has been considered and a number of factors, that need to be taken into account when assessing the productivity and effectiveness of changes from the point of view of different stakeholders, taking into account the mechanism of coordination of interests, has been considered. One of the results of the study is the classification of forms of control depending on the degree of realization of the stakeholders’ interests. The analysis of existing methods for assessing the effectiveness of organizational changes in terms of their applicability to organizational changes in universities also has been made. It has been concluded, that the organization’s ability to achieve its goals depends on the degree of mutual integration and consistency of all elements of the considered comprehensive change management mechanism at the university.

Features and problems of planning external state financial control have been considered. Characterization of key functional directions of activity has been given and the essence of the complex powers exercised by the accounting chamber of the Republic of Tuva has been revealed. Legislatively approved procedure for planning the activities of the Republican control and accounting structures has been analyzed in detail. Factors influencing the process of preparation of planning documents have been identified, the development of the work plan has been described and the main groups of activities in the area of financial control and audit of the accounts chamber of the Republic of Tuva have been highlighted. It has been noted, that one of the important activities of the main control body is expert and analytical work. Functions of the accounting chamber as one of the important participants in the process of state strategic planning have been revealed. According to the results of the analysis of planning of activity of control and accounting body, the main reasons and the factors influencing efficiency of activity have been defined. Conclusion has been made about the need to improve the planning process of the system of external state financial control of the Republic of Tuva.

All economic actors seeking sustainable functioning are forced to go through a process of digital transformation in the new economic conditions. The concept of “digital technology” has been defined, the development of information and communication technologies as the basis of digital transformation and information processing in spatial tracking systems has been described. The predictions of the future development of digital technology have been made. The characteristic of digital technologies has been given and this concept has been versatile considered from the theoretical point of view. Over time, we note that predictions are real and reflect on scientific and applied reality with greater results than planned. Technology complements one another, such as the principle of Science and ideas.The attention has been focused on the possibilities of formation of the digital economy in the country. The characteristic of the key concepts of non-linear models of the innovation process in the digital economy has been presented. Special attention has been paid to the level of development of information and communication technologies in the Russian economy. The main factors, contributing to the formation of the digital economy in Russia,have been noted.

The main tools of innovative marketing in the educational activities of higher education have been considered. Features and possibilities of their application have been defined. New conditions of educational activity have been designated. The necessity of using the marketing methodology in educational activities due to the active development of the higher education market has been substantiated. It has been proposed to allocate a separate place to marketing in the quality management system of educational services. The principles of quality management system of educational process of higher educational institutions on the basis of use of technologies and tools of innovative marketing have been defined. The improved schemes of interrelation and succession of processes of training have been offered. A set of parameters and indicators to assess the effectiveness of innovative marketing tools has been recommended.

The experience of developed countries demonstrates the use of the cluster concept as an effective tool, that promotes the development of entrepreneurship and innovations, improving the competitiveness of both individual regions of clusters and the country as a whole. As analysis result of indicators of innovation development and competitiveness of countries, a close link was noted between the factors under study. This circumstance confirms the importance of the cluster concept in the development of national innovation systems. As part of the study were used the methods of bibliographic and logical analysis, as well as the method of linear correlation and regression analysis.

A project risk modeling procedure based on the network planning method has been presented. It has been assumed, that each risk can be associated with some positive or negative event or its combination, which can be added to the network model of the project. Depending on the conditions under which risk events occur, various scenarios are developed. For each scenario, a series of Monte Carlo tests is accomplished. The value of the risk is estimated based on the expected values of the traditional financial and temporal characteristics of the project. The described procedure is checked on an illustrative example of the infrastructure project, which consists in laying a section of the pipeline along the seabed. The software implementation of discrete optimization algorithms for the project plan and simulation tests has been implemented in the framework of an automated scenario modeling system using Python.

Change of organizational culture in the conditions of digital transformation, which is a mandatory requirement in almost every industry, has been considered. The change of organizational culture correlates with the beginning of building a «new» organization, that is able to respond flexibly to transformational changes and has experience in resolving crisis situations. The main elements, that define digital culture: risk, short-term planning and transformation of organizational culture, cooperation and destruction, have been highlighted. The difficulties, that arise in the process of digital transformation of organizational culture have been noted, among them are: the traditional culture of the company, cost overruns on infrastructure, limited scalability, inefficient automation and problems of professional development. The values, that digital culture brings to the organization have been studied: it provides flexibility of mind and hand-eye coordination in the working process of the organization, eliminates hierarchy, involves each employee in the decision-making process, uses the skills of employees and increases their abilities, attracts talented personnel to the organization. The areas to achieve changes in organizational culture in modern conditions of digital transformation have been allocated.

The problem of implementation of artificial intelligence in the employment, on the example of transport industry of France has been considered. The artificial intelligence, opinions of different observers about the future of employment and workplaces due to application of artificial intelligence have been described. The possible scenario of using of artificial intelligence in transport industry of France, particularly with the implementation of automatic vehicles, has been reviewed. Questions such as technical maintenance of equipment and industrial lines, logistics and optimization of traffic flows and data availability also have been raised. The problem of social acceptability has been analyzed, out of sociological surveys of French population.

It has been proposed to use a new analogue of the Leontiev model of interindustry balance as a mathematical apparatus for studying the influence of clustering on the financial and economic state of enterprises (organizations). For the basic concept used for the mathematical formalization of the problem, the economic potentials of enterprises, calculated on the basis of fuzzy aggregation of heterogeneous complexes of parameters, have been selected. The authors proceeded from the need to implement the third mission of the university – to promote the social, cultural and economic development of society, in which
these educational institutions operate through the creation, implementation, expansion, dissemination and use of new knowledge, establishing direct relationships with the region and all its components, which, in turn, it serves as the basis for the development of education itself, based on projects to solve real problems. The contribution of universities to the process of formation and development of clusters is considered as a process of implementing intellectual potential.

A comprehensive study of various aspects of the functioning of the system of inter-budgetary relations related to the problem of subsidization of budgets, justified approaches to identifying the causes, factors and consequences of its manifestation in the modern national economy has been carried out. The determining factors of the manifestation of subsidization, generalized on the basis of structural and functional reasons have been considered. The study has made it possible to draw a number of conclusions. In particular, it has been argued that taking into account the imperfection of the institutional contour of inter-budgetary relations, there is an increase in regional budget differentiation. It has been pointed out, that the true reasons for the emergence of budget subsidies must be found in the imperfection of modern inter-budgetary relations, which are formed in the appropriate macroeconomic environment. It has been proved, that the lack of incentives for high-quality performance of their budget functions contributes to the
loss of independence of the majority of regional budgets.

A model of the optimal production plan of an industrial enterprise, formalizing its production program has been presented. An example of its solution by minimizing the maximum permissible cumulative deviation from optimal production plans, drawn up with a single local target optimization criterion has been adduced. The modeling of variability in the preparation of the production program and the selection from possible scenarios of those, which can actually be successfully implemented, has been analyzed by example. In addition to the method described above, two more options have been proposed for optimizing the program, which can be considered as alternative ways to solve the existing problem, or as additional scenarios for the development of events. The results of this work will be useful to persons, involved in the rational and effective management of industrial production systems.

Arguments and justification of obligatory development and statements in accounting policy of the organization for the purposes of accounting of level of materiality and its control indicators for accounting of events after reporting date have been presented. These events are implemented between the end of the reporting period and the date of signing of the financial statements for the reporting calendar year and can have a significant impact on the financial condition, financial results and monetary circulation of the organization. The influence of these events is uncertain and difficult to assess objectively. Especially this impact affects their materiality. 

The theoretical and economic study of various aspects of the impact of external restrictions on the Russian economy in recent years has become one of the actively developing areas of scientific research. External constraints create special conditions in which the structural transformation of the Russian economy can get an additional boost. Effective implementation of the relevant opportunities involves expanding the space of scientific research and overcoming interdisciplinary boundaries. The representation of external constraints as a stable component of the system phenomenon of “new economic reality”, which arose in the conditions of deep technological changes; specific opportunities arising in the process of structural transformations in the conditions of external constraints; development of applied means of structural transformations in the conditions of external constraints have been studied in the article. Through the prism of external constraints, the key problem nodes and contradictions of structural transformations have been considered; the effects arising at different levels of this process have been evaluated; tools for solving the problems that arise here have been proposed. Recommendations for improvement of the state economic policy in the field of structural transformations have been given. The heuristic resources of a number of modern scientific theories: socio-economic transformations, state economic policy, cognitive economics have been used in the research.

Problems of measuring scientific and technological progress (STP) in the transition to the sixth technological mode have been considered. Now STP is measured mainly by natural indicators. Forecasting requires a valuation of capital, taking into account fluctuations in the interest rate at the macro level;assessment of public production efficiency and new technologies. Unified applied methodology for such assessments has not yet been formulated. For these purposes, the methodology of the theory of economic measurements, which is also in its infancy, and its latest concepts, can serve. In relation to STP, the object of assessment can be the value of capital and its depreciation in the final phase of the transition period, the effectiveness of STP and money itself, considered as the main measure of value and creating the effects of procyclical value of capital in the conditions of technological shifts and crises.

The first results of the comparative method application for fixing regulated retail markups of guaranteeing electricity suppliers in Russia have been analyzed. The goal of the comparative method adoption is the improvement of guaranteeing electricity supplier’s effectiveness. Analysis of the legislation displayed, that the comparative method normalizes the guaranteeing electricity supplier’s yardstick revenue rates and limits the retail markups increase factors, mainly by the consumer price index. However, new methodology
application during the transition period led to outstripping inflation growth rate of guaranteeing electricity supplier’s retail markups. It has been identified, that in most Russian regions it was caused by the base period costs diminishing and (or) ‘yardstick cost’ limits inflating. It has been assumed, that after transition period expiry default electricity supplier’s retail markups growth ratio will be comparable to the consumer price index rate.

The article considers the problems of attracting funds from private investors by the developer of residential real estate. Problems of realization of the under-construction residential real estate in accordance with the Federal Law on Share Participation have been investigated. Characteristic aspects of realization of residential real estate at the time of construction have been determined. The dynamics and structure of changes in the system of share participation have been reviewed, and also the perspectives of its development and changes have been defined and analyzed, with the indication of the influence of these changes on the residential real estate market.

Monitoring and evaluating the quality of digitalization of the socio-economic environment at both the
national and regional levels, contribute to an understanding of the potential for its sustainable and competitive development as part of the global economy entering the wake of the digital transformation of economic processes. In this regard, studies aimed at studying such issues are very relevant and significant for modern science and practice. The article proposes an algorithm for measuring the level of development of the content elements of the digital economy in the regions of the Russian Federation. A distinctive aspect of the proposed algorithm is the orientation of the developed tools to study the five main directions of digitalization, defined by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of July 28, 2017 (No. 1632-r): regulatory regulation, personnel for the digital economy, formation of research competencies and technological foundations, information infrastructure, information security. Based on the results of the study, the main qualitative and quantitative characteristics have been identified, that assess the development of the digital economy in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation at the present stage of development; a toolkit has been offered, that allows you to determine key areas of regional policy aimed at intensifying the processes of digitalization of business processes.

Construction of the Cobb – Douglas production function taking into account the factor “innovations and information” (on the example of the economy of the Amur region) has been considered. The adequacy of the obtained production function to the initial data has been checked using Fisher`s criterion. An analysis of the constructed production function using the indicators of average and marginal resource efficiency, elasticity of output, depending on resource consumption has been carried out. It has been revealed, that labor is the most stable factor during the study period. In the Amur Region in 2000-2017 labor-saving (intensive) gross regional product growth is observed. However, this indicator increased more slowly than factors, that is, the average costs calculated per 1 unit of output are growing and there is a diminishing effect on the scale of production.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a new idea in which the corporate sector incorporates social and environmental issues into its strategies. The reasons, why CSR should become an integral part of the effective activity of the organization: moral obligation, sustainability, license to act and reputation, have been highlighted in the article. The problem of CSR integration into corporate goals has been considered. Integration of business and social needs can provide an organization with a leading position, but this  requires a willingness to make some adjustments. With some effort and foresight, CSR can be easily integrated into the goals of almost all organizations. When properly understood and executed, it is a win-win strategy, that benefits both the company and society.

Bad debts have been an ever-increasing threat to the Russian banking sector over the past decade. Currently, the number of problem debtors has stabilized, and the amount of debt has become classified. The policy of the regulator protects the debtor, this is due to extremely high interest rates on loans. The growth of bad debt is a kind of market reaction to inadequate rates. Today, the most important problem for credit organizations and for their customers is the repayment of loans and loans on conditions adequate to the economic situation. In this regard, researchers discuss the problems of creating a mechanism for the settlement of problem debts based on legal guarantees, portfolio technologies, control of retail pricing in the credit market and risk management. For debtors, the possibilities of debt restructuring have recently expanded, in particular, it is possible to use a wide range of financial instruments: subordinated bonds and structured products. The purpose of the article is to determine universal rules for managing bad debts using financial instruments - bonds and structural products, which will help create conditions for long-term financial stability.

In order to identify the main directions of the relationship between financial science and financial culture, their formation of financial science and financial culture in retrospect and modern conditions has been considered. Induction, deduction, analysis, synthesis, historical method have been used in the study. According to the results of the study, it has been concluded, that financial science is a part of financial culture; together they perform the following functions: axiological (value), heuristic, educational, epistemological. The field of application of the results is financial science as a whole, its separate sections. The following areas of interaction between financial science and financial culture, the implementation of which will increase the level of financial science and culture, have been highlighted: education, informing the population about the protection of the rights of consumers of financial services, preparing citizens for life in old age.

The factors of influence of the financial and banking sector on the processes of development of the socio-economic sphere of the regions have been generalized theoretically. Long-term lending (capital loan investment) has been allocated as a fundamentally important factor influencing the development of the economic complex and positive changes in the socio-economic sphere of the region as a whole. The available data on sources of financing of investments in fixed capital of organizations of non-financial sector have been analyzed. The impact on the socio-economic development of regions, which has the implementation of such banking functions as payment and settlement function, lending to the population, Deposit (saving function), the function of currency operations, has been considered. An assessment of a number of negative factors, that had an impact on the development of the financial and banking sector of the country in recent years, has been given.

The relevance of the development of the credit consumer cooperatives as a promising segment of the credit market has been substantiated. The state of credit consumer cooperatives has been analyzed in the article. The theoretical foundations of the credit consumer cooperatives have been revealed. The main indicators of the credit consumer cooperatives activity have been adduced and analyzed. Directions of activity of the Central Bank in relation to the credit consumer cooperatives have been reflected. The main problems constraining development of credit consumer cooperatives have been identified. Special attention to the insecurity of property interests of shareholders has been paid. Recommendations for improvement of credit consumer cooperatives activities have been presented. The main conclusion is, that the credit consumer cooperatives have a huge financial and credit potential, but in our country they are not yet sufficiently developed. The mechanisms, adduced in the article, could ensure a steady growth of the credit consumer cooperatives’ activities.

Presently, demographic policy is of great importance for solving the problem of depopulation. The article reviews the experience of France in solving this challenge, analyzes the various methods used in this country to deal with population decline. Special attention has been paid to the state support of families and children through the provision of social payments and benefits. Trends and forecasts of demographic processes in France have been considered also, taking into account the measures taken by the state to support the family. Based on the study, conclusions have been made about the effectiveness of demographic policy in France.

Studying the basic principles of the political elite formation in Russia is the cornerstone for understanding the country’s future strategy and its development vector, since the development strategy will depend on those people who will be at the helm of the country’s governance. There is already a dynamic process of rejuvenating the authorities, representatives of Generation X are actively striding along the political career ladder and gain high positions. The analysis of the career background of “young” politicians, the main political career elevators, its catalysts and inhibitors, and the speed of professional formation has been reflected in our research. The research was carried out on the base of biographies of 370 civil servants who, as of March 1, 2019, held the posts of deputy ministers or deputy heads of federal departments. Biographies were taken from open sources and were digitized in a database. The study examined the career paths of politicians, on the base of which it is possible to allocate the key institutions of the political elite formation and political career elevators.

Ideological, cultural, historical, spiritual and moral guidelines in the training of management personnel at the State University of Management have been considered. Historical information about the formation and development of management education at the University has been given. Experience of achievements of the Soviet administrative thought and their use in the conditions of modern Russia has been generalized. The necessity of strengthening the ideological Foundation of management education, the unity of the process of training and education of students has been emphasized. For this purpose, the problematic issues of the backlog of social Sciences and the rise of education sphere to a qualitatively new level have
been defined. University management education should focus on the development of a General  methodological culture and develop conceptual design skills.