In the context of rapid development of digital technologies and the increasing turbulence of the external environment, traditional approaches to program and project management demonstrate limitations: low flexibility, weak adaptability, and limited integration with digital platforms. The purpose of the study is to systematize the methodological foundations of program and project management digitalization and analyze the management models transformation in digital economy. It has been shown that the classical models (Waterfall, cascade, and hybrid) are effective only in a stable environment, but lose relevance when conditions are highly variable. Modern methodologies (Agile, Scrum, and Kanban) provide flexibility and iterativity, but require integration with digital tools. Special attention has been paid to business intelligence, collaboration systems, artificial intelligence technologies, and digital twins as key elements of digital management. The methodological basis of the study has been made up of systematic, functional-analytical, and comparative approaches, which made it possible to identify contradictions between traditional schemes and the digital environment requirements. It has been established that successful digitalization of program and project management involves proactive risk management, real-time monitoring of metrics, end-to-end transparency of processes, and adaptive management architecture. The study results can be used in developing conceptual models of digital program and project management, forming digital transformation strategies in government and corporate structures, as well as improving management practices in the face of constant change.

The purpose of the study is to develop and substantiate an innovative model for providing paid consulting services to the Federal Customs Service of Russia as a tool to replace intermediaries and improve the quality of customs administration. The research is based on such research methods as analyzing the issues of the current system of free consultation at the Federal Customs Service of Russia and assessing the intermediary services market and economic modeling. The expediency of implementing paid consulting services has been substantiated, the economic efficiency of the institute of paid consulting services for both the state and applicants has been proved. Among the main effects of the model implementation are savings for businesses, additional revenues to Russia’s budget, as well as increased predictability and transparency of business and customs relations through their direct interaction, which meets the standards of client-centricity in public administration. A comparative model has been constructed demonstrating the preference of applying to the Federal Customs Service of Russia in comparison with using external intermediaries or when solving problems in the customs sphere independently. In addition to the financial benefits, it has been revealed that the proposed model helps simplify the interaction of customs authorities and participants in foreign economic activity, as well as increase their  confidence  in the institutions of the Russian customs service.

The process of strategic management transformation in the modern leasing market, operating at the intersection of the credit and investment sectors in conditions of increased economic turbulence, has been studied. The issue considered in the study is the contradiction between the increasing volatility of the market environment and the limited effectiveness of traditional strategic management models in the leasing business. The methodological basis of the research is an interdisciplinary approach that integrates the tools of financial management, investment analysis, and risk management. The hypothesis is put forward that the transition from classical to integrated adaptive management systems allows leasing companies to form stable competitive advantages in times of economic uncertainty. The analysis results demonstrate five key areas of strategic management evolution: business processes digitalization, customer-centricity, ESG principles integration, hybrid financing models implementation, and agile strategic planning. Significant structural changes in the global leasing market have been identified, including the outpacing growth of the Asia-Pacific region and leasing products diversification. The practical significance of the research lies in forming a conceptual framework for developing adaptive strategies for leasing companies. The prospects for further research are related to an in-depth study of the mechanisms for integrating digital technologies and ESG principles into the strategic management of the leasing business.

A comprehensive study of digitalization processes in managing production and economic activities of investment and construction companies has been conducted. The purpose of the study is to analyze the potential advantages, identify and systematize the key issues hindering digital technologies integration, as well as to develop ways to implement them in the specific conditions of the construction industry. The research methodology is based on a systematic analysis of scientific literature, industry reports, and expert assessments by leading experts and the use of a case method to study digital transformation practices. Key areas of digitalization have been identified, including BIM technologies for end-to-end facility lifecycle management, integrated ERP systems for resource optimization, Internet of Things technologies for monitoring and control, as well as artificial intelligence elements for predictive analytics. High initial capital costs and difficulties in assessing ROI, a shortage of qualified personnel with interdisciplinary competencies, industry conservatism, and resistance to change at all levels of management, as well as issues of compatibility and integration of heterogeneous software have been identified as the main barriers. A step-by-step model of digital technology implementation – audit, strategy, piloting, and scaling – has been proposed. The study results are useful for managers and specialists of investment and construction companies when developing and adjusting corporate digital transformation strategies, as well as when making investment decisions. The practical significance of the research lies in forming an integrated approach to the digitalization of processes that increase the competitiveness and sustainability of the construction business. The prospects of the research are related to developing adaptive models of digital maturity for investment and construction companies and assessing the impact of digitalization on the financial and economic performance of companies.

The features of developing integration links between Russian oil refining and petrochemistry as a factor of the oil and gas complex stability in the context of structural transformation have been studied. The subject of the research is management, economic, and technological tools of intersegment integration in hydrocarbon processing. The purpose of the study is to identify and substantiate the priority areas for developing interaction between oil refining and petrochemistry, considering technological, regulatory, and spatial factors. The methodological basis of the research consists of systematic and interdisciplinary approaches to the analysis of integration processes in the oil and gas complex. The methods of bibliometric analysis and thematic mapping of publications for 2010–2025, content analysis of scientific sources, as well as structural, functional, and comparative analysis of regulatory and legal regulation and state support tools, including tax incentives, special economic zones, and cluster forms of production organization, have been used. A general and economic-managerial corpus of scientific publications has been formed, and thematic groups and a limited representation of managerial aspects in the general body of work have been identified. It has been shown that integration development is determined by a combination of fiscal incentives, a cluster approach, and preferential regimes, as well as modern technological solutions implementation. It has been established that these tools contribute to an increase in the share of high-grade products, increase processing chains stability, and reduce risks in the oil and gas complex. The study results can be used when designing government support measures and programs for the oil and gas complex development. The prospects for further research are related to constructing quantitative models for assessing integration effectiveness and analyzing the fiscal impact of industry incentives.

Theoretical foundations, methodological approaches, and tools for forecasting business processes in the building materials industry within the framework of the digital economy paradigm have been studied. The arguments justifying the need to use business process modeling for forecasting have been presented. A modern interpretation of the information modeling concept and the main measures contributing to the forecasting business processes development in the industry have been proposed. The goals and objectives of economy digitalization, contributing to the business processes forecasting in the industry, have been considered and systematized. The principles of forecasting business processes, promising variations of improving the quality of construction facilities and reducing risks and costs in the supply of building materials have been discussed. It has been shown how the evolution of forecasting approaches in the Russian building materials industry goes through certain stages of forecasting methodologies. Modern methodological approaches consider qualitative and quantitative methods of forecasting business processes in the building materials industry. The impact of digital economy on forecasting paradigms in the digital era has been reflected, which transforms forecasting from reactive extrapolation into proactive prediction through several mechanisms. The importance of modern issues and theoretical gaps in forecasting business processes, which, despite methodological advances, persist in a signifi way, has been indicated. The importance of theoretical and practical issues in the industry – data fragmentation, uncertainty caused by sanctions, digital inequality, and the conceptual gap – has been highlighted.

Today, additional adjustment and optimization of state tourism development programs are required due to the multiplicative effects of tourism in other sectors of economy. Practice-oriented recommendations have been developed for forming the state program in the Vladimir Region in the form of a comprehensive program based on a program-design approach and a methodology for calculating these effects. The methodological basis of the study has been the key provisions of J. Keynes’ multiplier theory and modern concepts of institutional economics. The classical Keynesian approach has been used to analyze economic processes, based on the interrelationships among investment, consumption, and general level of employment. The most important role in the calculations has been played by the economic and mathematical modeling tools, among which special attention has been paid to solving a linear equations system. The information base of the study has been made up of data from the Vladimir Region state programs for developing tourism for the period from 2018 to 2024. The proposed methodology approbation confi med the precedent of parameters imbalance and formality of using the state programs mechanism, in order to eliminate which a draft regional program for developing tourism has been created as an integrated one, and a list of its components has been provided using a program-project approach. The study results are the basis for developing and implementing specialized strategies and programs for tourism development, considering maximizing its positive impact on economy and society.

Currently, tourism is a powerful catalyst for social and economic progress and cultural enrichment of territories. Special attention has been paid to the issue of intraregional tourism development, as there is an uneven distribution of tourist flows not only between different regions, but also between administrative-territorial units of the same region. The existing unevenness of spatial development has been analyzed. The key causes of the current situation have been identified. It has been determined that one of the effective tools to achieve tourist flows redistribution within the region is inter-municipal cooperation. It allows municipalities to combine their efforts to achieve their goals and solve problems that often do not correspond to established administrative boundaries. The factors constraining spatial development on the basis of inter-municipal relations have been formulated. highlights The main stages of such cooperation have been highlighted, and areas of intermunicipal cooperation, the key purpose of which is to position and promote the tourist space of intra-regional territories, have been developed. It has been concluded that municipal cooperation in the tourism sphere is indeed a promising mechanism for developing and promoting tourist and recreational potential of the territories. Combining the efforts of several municipalities makes it possible to create competitive travel products, expand the geography of travel routes, and optimize the use of available resources.

The subject of the study is state energy policy in its strategic aspect and the degree considering the role of renewable energy sources in achieving its goals. The analysis of Russia’s current energy strategy until 2050 makes it possible to identify the state’s key guidelines in the long term, considering the global energy transition and trends in developing renewable energy abroad. A comparative analysis of the approaches by Russia, the EU, the US, and China to developing the energy sector has been carried out in order to identify a correlation between the resource availability of the country or the region with traditional energy sources and the degree considering the role of renewable energy sources in the energy sector. This will make it possible to further identify the key drivers of the energy transition, considering regional specifics and current policies, as well as to construct a model for assessing the country’s strategic competitiveness in the renewable energy markets. Through the analysis of statistical and scientific publications, materials from the media and industry organizations, recommendations have been formed to adjust the approach to strategic planning for developing the energy complex, considering the identified patterns and the interdependence of the state economies in achieving sustainable development goals.

The modeling and evaluation of the digital economy indicators in Russia, as well as the analysis of its dynamics and positions in the international arena have been carried out. The study covers key aspects of digitalization, including the contribution of the ICT sector to the GDP, the cost of organizations for digital technologies, and integral indicators in 10 categories such as e-sales, human resources, digital skills, and e-government. Based on the authors’ methodology, the digital economy contribution to Russia’s GDP has been calculated, which amounted to 2.1% (1.6 times higher than traditional estimates that consider only the ICT sector). A comparative analysis of 33 indicators of digitalization in Russia with 30 countries has been carried out, revealing Russia’s leadership in the e-commerce sector (integral indicator 0.93), as well as average positions in terms of technology accessibility and human resources. Dynamic analysis over the past five years has shown an increase in indicators after the adoption of the Digital Economy State Program, but foreign policy factors (sanctions and restrictions) have slowed down the development of certain areas, such as science and international cooperation. Cluster analysis confirmed the division of years into periods with high and low digitalization, where the last two years are assigned to the first group. The lack of a unified system for measuring the digital economy has been emphasized, which complicates its assessment. The need for an expanded approach to the digital sector definition has been substantiated. The study results demonstrate the growth potential of the Russian digital economy, but also highlight key challenges that require comprehensive solutions to strengthen its competitive position at the global level.

The study makes it possible to rethink traditional approaches to documentation as a basic element of accounting methodology, considering the processes of digital transformation taking place in economy. A new epistemological category of accounting has been introduced – quasi-accounting documents, considered as documents that exist in digital form, recording the facts of economic life, but formally do not meet all the requirements of accounting legislation. This phenomenon emergence is substantiated as a natural consequence of digital technologies development, business processes automation, and appearance of new forms of interaction between counterparties. The nature, classification, opportunities, and risks of using quasi-documents in accounting and economic control have been studied. Special attention has been paid to ensuring the reliability of the information contained in such documents and minimizing the associated risks. The scenarios for integrating quasi-documents into the accounting process have been analyzed in detail. The conditions and prerequisites for involving these documents in the accounting document management system have been listed, and the specifics of their use in control procedures have been disclosed. The scientific novelty of the research is the terminology proposed by the author, conclusions and suggestions on the use of quasi-accounting documents in the organization and accounting system without prejudice to their reliability, on the inevitability and potential usefulness of quasi-documents in the digital economy, requiring the evolution of approaches to accounting and control.

Strategies for adapting the Russian agro-industrial complex to the modern challenges of international trade have been studied. Despite the achieved domestic food security and the leading exporter status, the Russian agricultural trade faces serious issues, including sanctions pressure, logistical constraints, economic dependence on raw materials, and the deteriorating environmental situation in the country. As a response to these challenges, an integrated approach has been proposed, the key elements of which are a strategic transition from the export of raw materials to deep processing and production of high-valueadded products, logistics routes diversification, an increased supply flexibility through developing international transport corridors and port infrastructure, achieving technological sovereignty through import substitution and domestic agricultural technologies development, as well as integration to global markets through the international ISO standards implementation. It has been proved that implementing this strategy for adapting agricultural trade in Russia to new global challenges will not only increase the country’s competitiveness in global agricultural trade and the domestic agricultural exports sustainability, but also strengthen Russia’s position in ensuring global food security. An analytical research method based on the analysis of economic data and official statistical materials has been applied.

Based on the analysis of the current state of the Russian agro-industrial complex, the measures of state support in relation to agriculture and agro-industrial products markets regulation have been summarized. A critical assessment of the main aspects of domestic agricultural production development in terms of its participation in international trade and an import substitution strategy implementation has been given. In particular, the analysis of the strategy of Russian’s turn to the East in the context of foreign trade in agricultural products has been carried out, the raw material nature of exports and strategies development for successful cooperation in the Eastern markets have been analyzed. The purpose of the study is to explore Russia’s possibilities and potential in import substitution tools implementation in the agro-industrial complex, considering the current challenges of global economic development. The key objectives of the study were to analyze the current state of Russian agro-industrial complex products on the world market, as well as the internal potential of the country’s agricultural complex. The elements of an optimal strategy for the import substitution mechanisms implementation in the country in the current circumstances have been proposed, as well as recommendations for implementing a successful strategy of turning Russia to the East, which will strengthen the country’s position in the global market. It has been proved that one of the conditions for the import substitution program implementation in the agricultural sector is the filling of the economy with domestic production goods, as well as creating programs aimed at the export-oriented production development.

Electronic commerce in the ASEAN countries is currently one of the most dynamic sectors of the regional economy, with a projected market volume of approximately USD 300 billion by 2025, underscoring the relevance of research in the context of global digitalization and deepening regional integration. The rapid growth of the sector is driven by high internet penetration (78% of the population, over 500 million users in 2022) and was further accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, which added about 70 million new digital consumers to the region. At the same time, this process reveals significant structural challenges, including differences in legal regulation, risks in data protection and cybersecurity, limitations in logistics, as well as digital inequality, especially in Myanmar, Laos, and Cambodia, where only about 27% of the population has internet access, while a gender gap persists. The study focuses on analyzing the economic challenges and prospects of electronic commerce in ASEAN through the lens of key agreements, such as the ASEAN E-Commerce Agreement of 2019, RCEP 2022, and DEFA, showing that these frameworks contribute to the harmonization of regulation, reduction of transaction costs, and market trust strengthening, despite persistent risks of dependence on foreign investments, tendencies toward platform monopolization, and tax disparities, which require enhanced regional cooperation to achieve sustainable and inclusive growth.

The current issues and prospects of improving the government debt obligations management system in Russia have been considered. Modern approaches to public debt management have been analyzed, including methods for assessing its sustainability, forecasting, and debt control. Special attention has been paid to optimizing the debt structure, minimizing risks, and increasing the efficiency of using borrowed funds. Based on the analysis, specific recommendations have been proposed for improving public debt management mechanisms. The possibilities of implementing new financial instruments, automating budget planning processes, and strengthening the role of independent expertise in assessing the debt burden have been discussed. The issues of coordinating various state bodies’ actions and improving information exchange between them have been touched upon. The recommendations are aimed at increasing the transparency and predictability of government debt policy, which contributes to strengthening the country’s financial stability and creating favorable conditions for economic growth. The study results may be useful for government authorities involved in regulating the size and structure of Russia’s public debt, as well as researchers involved in the issues of state and municipal finance and budget system research.

The importance of learning a foreign language (in our case German or French) in an inclusive university environment has been studied. Inclusive education is an educational process adapted to the needs of students with disabilities. The organization and implementation of this educational process is a difficult task, the purpose of which is to effectively educate students with disabilities. The relevance of the research topic lies in the exceptionally high attention paid to teaching students with disabilities. The issues faced by teachers of foreign languages at university in the inclusive education sphere have been considered. The authors’ main task is to consider and study the methods and technologies that teachers use to successfully integrate students with disabilities into the language learning process in higher education institutions. The importance of patriotic, moral, and cultural personal development in learning foreign languages in groups with students with disabilities has been emphasized. The authors also considered the unique psychophysiological and physical capabilities of this category of students, so they paid special attention to the need to implement interactive learning technologies and additional methodological support for the educational process.

The cognitive gift phenomenon has been studied as a central element of the art of knowledge management in the Chinese civilizational tradition. Based on philosophical and cultural sources, it has been shown that the process of knowledge management in China is ritualized and based on moral norms, symbolic exchange, and a system of trust (guanxi). Unlike Western instrumental models, where knowledge is considered as a resource, the Chinese approach associates it with a ritual (li) that ensures harmony in social relations and managerial actions legitimacy. Cognitive gift has been interpreted as an act of moral and symbolic interaction between the giver and the recipient, aimed at strengthening ethical ties and reproducing social stability. The historical context of the gift ritual, its functions in forming managerial culture, and its significance for understanding cognitive exchange have been analyzed. It has been shown that the art of knowledge management in the Chinese tradition is an integral cultural system where the transfer of knowledge acts as a mechanism of social regulation and moral education. It has been emphasized that the study of this tradition is relevant for modern management, as it allows integrating ethical and cultural factors into knowledge management practices and building trust as the basis for organizational effectiveness.

The issues of motivation to procreate have been studied in many spheres such as sociology, psychology, economics, and law. Each direction highlights its own characteristics and draws its own conclusions in this area. The author tried to summarize the scientific works and highlight common points in them. The purpose of the study is to formulate common conclusions on improving demographic policy and directions of its implementation based on the research analysis. It is necessary not only to solve demographic issues with the help of social support measures for families with children, but also to apply other motivational techniques. The necessity of using modern approaches such as flexible (hybrid) work schedules and remote work to organize labor for parents, especially for women, has been emphasized. In this direction, the need to attract employers and encourage positive corporate practices has been noted. The grandparents institution (grandparents labor), especially considering the increase in the retirement age, is losing its former position as a motivating factor for procreation. However, many young families need such support. In this regard, the need for additional support for grandparents labor has been identified.

The issue of methodological support for the study of a police officer’s social portrait has been studied. The presented results of sociological research clearly reflect the dynamics of trust in the police and understanding of its role in society, as well as the police career attractiveness among the Russians. The author states that the methodological basis for a comprehensive study of a police officer’s social portrait is insufficiently developed. For a deeper and more complete study of a police officer’s social portrait, a generalized model has been proposed that includes the main structural elements. These include the research paradigm, object and subject, methods of data collection and processing, analysis, ethical principles, validity and reliability, as well as results interpretation. The formulated structural elements of the methodological research provide an integrated approach to the study of a police offi ’s social portrait. Paradigms for the study have been proposed: objectivist, based on quantitative methods, subjectivist, based on personal experience and qualitative methods, and mixed. The emphasis has been placed on the need to carefully choose a paradigm that has a key impact on the entire course of research activities. The present study is a valuable contribution to research methodology development in the law enforcement sphere, which makes it possible to optimize the processes of selecting, training, and managing law enforcement agencies personnel.

The methodological aspects of conducting qualitative near-sociological studies of informal communities in the context of urban studies have been studied. The paper analyzes the research approach transformation in the study of youth groups in the historical district of Rzhevka-Porokhovye in the Krasnogvardeysky district of St. Petersburg. The object of the research is the youth communities of the district, the subject is the informal rules and patterns of their intra-group interaction. The purpose of the study is to establish and systematize a set of unspoken rules that have been used for successful implementation of the included observation method in the study of closed social groups. The study result is a consolidated methodological analysis of the basic informal rules used to implement inclusive monitoring of youth groups in a specific urban environment. This study is a generalization of the results obtained in the framework of a successfully presented Master’s thesis in Urban Planning at the Higher School of Economics (Moscow) on the topic “Urban planning factors in youth groups formation: St. Petersburg’s Rzhevka-Porokhovye district case”. The established methodology of working with complex communities is of applied importance for urban and sociological research, as well as for working with youth.

The results of an empirical analysis of the motivation characteristics of foreign students studying at Russian universities have been summarized. The key area of the analysis is to identify differences in the structure of motivation for social belonging among representatives of the near and far abroad. The issue of foreign students’ adaptation to the conditions of the Russian educational environment makes the study of affiliation motivation especially significant from an applied point of view. The study involved 108 students from the Commonwealth of Independent States and 72 students from abroad aged 21–28 years. The selection made it possible to avoid bias of results related to the content of specific training programs or professional orientation. The study of the international students’ communication peculiarities based on the results of a survey. The method of Affiliation Motivation by A. Mehrabian, modified by M. Sh. Magomed-Eminov, was used to determine the specifics of affiliation motivation. It has been established that the majority of international students do not experience a pronounced need for acceptance or a pronounced fear of rejection and are characterized by a balance between orientation towards affiliation and fear of rejection. International students who have arrived from far-abroad countries are noticeably more likely to have balanced components of motivation focused on interpersonal relationships. However, the desire for social interaction and concerns about the possibility of social isolation are also more pronounced. Students from neighboring countries, on the contrary, show similar indicators in a less intense form, which indicates differences in the experience of the need to belong and be accepted in a new socio-cultural environment.

The functional role of leaders of informal groups of convicts in the penitentiary subculture system and their influence on intra-group norms, the institution manageability, and the re-socialization processes have been studied. The purpose of the study is to identify the mechanisms of forming and maintaining informal leadership and describe its functions and ways to counter destructive influence. The methodological basis of the research was the analysis, synthesis, comparison, and generalization of scientific sources, content analysis of publications and dissertation research, as well as systematic and structural-functional approaches. The working definition of a leader of an informal group of convicts has been clarified. A typology of leaders has been proposed by functional role (organizational, regulatory-arbitration, informational, and economic), sources of authority (status-traditional, resource, power, and communicative-charismatic), and the scale of influence (local, intergroup, and general management). The stability of leadership status is ensured by a combination of reputation, resource control, authorization, and mediation, which increases the resistance of convicts to official demands and reduces involvement in correctional programs. The practical significance of the study is related to the substantiation of a set of measures – regime – organizational, psychological-pedagogical, and personnel-training, – aimed at reducing the resource and regulatory monopoly of informal leaders. The prospects of the research are the typology empirical verification and evaluation of the proposed measures effectiveness in various types of institutions. 

Stereotypes about people with various well-being differ significantly from the real state of affairs as they can distort the meaning of communication and hinder student’s professional development. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the content of stereotypes about fantasy characters with different levels of wealth (rich and poor). The participants are 668 university students in Russia. The verification results of the assumption about the complementarity of competence and warmth stereotypes in relation to generalized images of characters from a distant planet have been obtained. The stereotypes complementarity corresponds to S. Fiske’s stereotype content model, in which persons with high status are attributed greater competence and less warmth, while those with low status are attributed greater warmth and less competence. The theory of this model has led to confirming the universality of warmth and competence parameters at the level of a large group of students, as significant differences in the stereotypical perception of subgroups with different levels of well-being within the same group have been revealed. The respondents’ explicit assessments show that the rich are viewed as more competent (competitive, proactive, and intelligent) and less warm in the generalized image of beings with a high level of well-being, while the poor are viewed as warmer (good-natured, tolerant, warm-hearted, and sincere) and less competent. Despite their great sympathy for low-welfare creatures, students identify with everyone with a tendency towards resemblance to high-welfare characters, which is the novelty of the research. In the future, we can recommend a similar program for measuring the stereotypes complementarity for other social groups representatives.

A cross-cultural analysis of the results of an empirical study conducted among the elderly in Russia and China has been carried out. The study has been conducted on the basis of survey data. The purpose of the study is to compare key aspects of the elderly people’s lives in both countries, including social and psychological well-being, health, economic activity, and participation in society. The research methodology includes a quantitative analysis of survey data using statistical methods to identify statistically significant differences and relationships among variables. The main study results demonstrate psychological and cultural differences in the perception of their social status by elderly people in Russia and China. For example, in Russia there is a lower level of social activity, while in China there is a greater involvement in family ties and traditional forms of employment after retirement. The study results may be useful for more effective social programs in Russia to improve the quality of life of the elderly. The research prospects include further in-depth study of factors affecting the psychological well-being of the elderly, considering the socio-cultural characteristics of the Russia’s and China’s regions. In order to form a socially active elderly population, cultural contexts must be considered when developing and implementing comprehensive programs for the elderly. A longitudinal study of the factors of the elderly people’s social activity in socio-economic conditions is also required.

The correspondence of the Ministry of Finance of Imperial Russia with the Ministry of Public Education and the Ministry of Railways on the admission of the Alexander Commercial College graduates to higher education institutions of these departments has been reviewed. Commercial educational institutions provided high-quality education in trade, industry, stock exchange, banking and finance, and management. Given the rapid development of industry and the Russian economy as a whole, especially in the 1880s and 1890s, as well as the limited number of professional commercial schools (only 8 in the whole country), there were not enough trained specialists. Due to the advanced technologies emergence and the active spread of trends in the monopolistic development of capitalism, a new level of management of production and economic processes required specialists with higher education. The Board of Trustees of the Alexander Commercial College, which consisted of large entrepreneurs and bankers, understood this and, in the absence of higher commercial education at that time, petitioned the Ministry of Finance for the opportunity for college graduates to enroll in universities. In the end, thanks to their perseverance, it was possible to do this. The paper is published as part of a memorial project dedicated to the study of the history of the State University of Management, the historical successor of the Alexander Commercial College.