CURRENT ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT
The article has been devoted to the formation of adaptive organizational management structures. The essence of structures and their relationship with other elements of the control system have been analyzed. Adaptability and flexibility are considered as the most important indicators of the efficiency of structures, their ability to ensure sustainable functioning and innovative development of enterprises. The mechanism of formation of adaptive structures has been presented. The issues about the quality of adaptation, the adaptive characteristics of the structure and their consistency with the level and quality of adaptation of other elements of the enterprise, the interface of adaptability and flexibility, the pace of change have been raised. It has been concluded, that the structure is not effective, if it does not seek adaptability. Meanwhile, the process of adaptation should be innovative and ensure effective innovation and technological development of the enterprise.
Information support of crisis management requires the creation of a communication infrastructure, based on the program-target method, within which technological standards and profiles are formed – technological platforms. The information support of the crisis management of enterprises, based on the use of communication tools of the technological platform, as an interface of the innovative infrastructure, allowing increase the efficiency of the information component of the enterprise management system, has been improved in the paper. Based on the technological platform, new research and production cooperations, innovation clusters will be formed, which will allow overcome the crisis state of enterprises.
The features of the functioning of small enterprises and their special kind – innovative have been considered. The problems, arising in the process of their functioning, and their manifestation in Russia have been identified and examined in the paper. As a positive experience in the paper, the experience of Moscow has been analyzed, having the most comfortable conditions for the functioning of small innovative enterprises, all necessary infrastructure. However, even with all its financial, scientific and technical capabilities, Moscow cannot provide all the necessary conditions for the successful implementation of the country’s innovative development strategy.
The article has been devoted to the ongoing research of a system of development of managerial personnel of educational organization. The results of the analysis of modern problems and the search for possible solutions to improve the management of the career of managerial personnel of educational organization have been presented. The essence and content of career management of managerial personnel of educational organization have been clarified; a set of problems, caused by the lack of a systematic approach to career management of managerial personnel of educational organizations has been substantiated; possible solutions to improve career management of managerial personnel of educational organization have been offered.
The professional development of state civil servants is an important part of state policy, and this process has been already sufficiently regulated by the regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation. Therefore, at the present stage, it is necessary to develop such a system for training civil servants, that would take into account all the existing potential of the personality of a civil servant. In the process of professional development, it is necessary to take into account, that the professional activity of an official has a number of specific features, and not every individual can meet the requirements of public service as a public institution. The current studies on the professional development of civil servants have been considered in the article, the authors` vision on the issue of improving the professionalism of those, who connect their activities with serving the state, has been presented.
STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIONS
We can already say with certainty, that the basis for the development of modern electric power industry will soon be intellectual, digital transformation of production assets, which in itself opens a new approach to the problem of increasing operational efficiency and labor productivity. The main difficulty in this way is, that the existing research of digital technologies do not take into account the applied aspects of the implementation of its products according to the industry specifics and business goals of companies – market entities. In this paper, the analysis and classification of commercial IT products have been made by subject groups of solutions, that meet the needs of specific target areas of activity of electric power companies. The conceptual description of the subject groups of digital solutions on the basis of known examples and practices of their application has been adduced.
In the economics and finance, machine learning methods have spread when solving the problems of consumer behavior research and in currency and securities trading. However, they are poorly developed in dealing with issues related to interaction between enterprises. The article presents the results of the compilation and testing of machine learning models, created to assess the reliability of enterprises as suppliers. According to the analysis, carried out in the article, machine learning methods are applicable when conducting supplier evaluations. This article has been written on the theme of expanding the scope of machine learning in the field of analysis of the behavior of commercial enterprises.
The main ideas and properties of blockchain have been examined: architecture, models of blockchain use, in particular, decentralized autonomous organizations and applications, private blockchain – systems and blockchain – services. Blockchain infrastructure in implementation has been analyzed: reality and myths. An attention has been paid to current trends of blockchain usage in business and society in terms of opportunities, threats and risks. The areas of blockchain implementation have been presented, such as government, business, financial organizations, cryptocurrency and ICO, smart contracts and current trends of using blockchain technology.
The model of distribution and use of profit has been offered. The model provides for the choice of development strategy based on the calculation of the integral indicator of economic potential in terms of financial, economic, market and labor potential of the organization. The criteria are indicative intervals of the integrated indicator of economic potential for each development strategy: anti-crisis, strategy of stable development and strategy of accelerated development. The options for determining the proportions of distribution of net profit in accordance with the adopted strategy and for controlling profit have been considered, providing information to the integrated accounting of the deviation of the actual level of net profit from indicative and allowing you to make corrective solutions: transition to other strategy development or adjustment of the flexible areas of use of profits. The modeling process has been reviewed on the example of a trade organization.
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY AND REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
Сurrent temperature monitoring, humidity, physical condition and real-time data transmission are extremely important in the pharmaceutical supply chains. The intelligent logistics system for monitoring the state of objects, implemented on the basis of the Internet of things, which can be used for the pharmaceutical industry, has been considered in this article. The two-level network architecture of the IOT platform has been reviewed. The first level is radio frequency object identification, and the second level is organization of wireless sensor network. By adapting the proposed system, the pharmaceutical company can easily monitor and control the quality of the goods during transportation.
The content of the phenomenon of trust as a mechanism for strengthening social stability and ensuring the harmonious interaction of government and society has been revealed on the example of the development of programs for the development of physical culture and sports at the place of residence. The author’s understanding of the factor determination of trust relations has been presented. On the basis of the analysis of implemented programs, plans and activities in the field of physical culture and sports the specificity of legal, socio-economic and socio-cultural factors of confidence building has been shown. According to the results of expert research, the proposals to improve the management of relations of trust in the system of sports institutions, in particular in the system of training of the Olympic reserve (on the example of the Moscow region), have been substantiated.
The results of state reforms in the sphere of housing and communal services have been summarized and analyzed in the article. The importance of housing and communal services as a branch of the economy has been substantiated. The state of housing and communal services has been investigated and an assessment of the effectiveness of reforms in this area has been given. The characteristics of the main measures and projects on modernization of housing and communal services has been given. Based on the analysis of statistical indicators, the trends in the development of the industry have been designated. The conclusion about the effectiveness of the reforms of housing and communal services has been made.
This article is a continuation of the publication of the results of the study of the evolution of project management as a special type of management activity. The main events from the history of formation and development of the theory and practice of project management as a result of scientific research of scientists of the State University of Management have been highlighed. The history of development and the current state of the theory of project management in the State University of Management are associated with the actual needs of management practice both during the twentieth century and now, because the improvement of the mechanism of project management is one of the strategies for the development of the country’s economy.
ECONOMICS: PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS AND PROSPECTS
The problematic aspects of the methodology for constructing gross domestic product indicator in macroeconomic statistics have been considered. Features of accounting for gross domestic product individual components in the System of National Accounts have been identified. Based on the analysis of international organizations recommendations, key aspects of improving the methodology for constructing this indicator taking into account the innovations in the System of National Accounts 2008 have been determined. Relevant issues of using gross domestic product in socio-economic analysis and supplements to the system of analytical indicators of the System of National Accounts with social indicators have been considered in the article.
Statistics on the amount of individual entrepreneur (registered and stopping one’s financial-economic activity) have been investigated. Systematization of scientific – practical methods for formation of the concept “optimum taxing load” has been carried out. In order to equalize the tax burden for individual entrepreneurs, applying both the general tax regime and a special one in the form of a simplified tax system, it has been offered to harmonize the definition of the object of the insurance premiums taxation with the current single tax when choosing the object of taxation “income, after deduction of expenses incurred”. Since the fixed payment in terms of payment of insurance premiums is payable regardless of the actual conduct of its own business for the calendar year, this proposal will allow us proportionately fulfill tax obligations to the budget.
The issues of classification and approaches to management of intangible assets of companies have been considered. Main features of intangible assets have been examined, as well as normative regulation of financial accounting of them. The important point of intangible assets management is their classification and distribution to homogeneous groups, that allows us create and clarify intangibles’ management policy in terms of digitalization. In addition, the authors have paid attention in the article to the issues of intangible assets valuation. Basic stages of intangible`s assessment have been analyzed, as well as current problems of estimation of true value of intangible assets.
The complex process of adaptation of modern society to the new conditions of development associated with the introduction of the latest achievements of scientific and technological progress has been examined. In this regard, the features of scientific and technological progress, its impact on the labor market, as well as the problems of technological backwardness of Russia have been analyzed. As an empirical base, the authors have used some results of the sociological study “Problems and prospects of the Russian labor market”, conducted by the author in Nizhny Novgorod in 2018 using the method of in-depth expert interviews. The study has identified 26 storylines, one of which, related directly to the views of experts on scientific and technological progress. The characteristic of this storyline has been presented in the article.
An approach to the allocation of economic and macroeconomic factors, affecting the final energy consumption, taking into account the seasonal unevenness of industrial production and the inertia of changes in the production of final products relative to the consumption of energy required for their production, has been considered in the article. In addition, factors have been reviewed not only at the end of the value chain on the basis of gas-consuming industries, but also taking into account the indicators of the raw material sector of the economy, which determines the beginning of the value chain.
All business entities, regardless of their form of ownership, must obey established rules, when paying for the right to use licenses for inventions, renting films, publishing books, products, patents, innovations. The calculation of the amount of payment is carried out in accordance with the bilateral agreement. Calculating royalties, based on profits earned by an enterprise, has certain disadvantages. Many of the most diverse factors affect the volume of profit. The author’s approach and the method of determining the value of royalties for the development of mineral resources have been explained in the article. Their basis consists of: determining the value of economic rent as a result of the extraction and sale of mineral resources; ensuring, that mining companies receive income on their production capital at a level not lower than the average for the country’s economy as a whole.
INVESTMENT VALUATION
The international standards and state standard specifications of the Russian Federation of business continuity management have been analyzed. Process of assessment of maturity level of the construction organization in the field of business continuity and its increase by definition of strategy, stabilization, renewal and complete recovery of activity, decrease in influence and reduction of consequences has been investigated. Modern threats to the continuity for the companies at the global level, typical risks of the investment and construction project have been considered. The best international practices of business continuity management, the plan of business continuity which can be applied at implementation of investment and construction projects, have been offered.
FINANCE AND BANKING
The conditions, that stimulate the development of financial technologies in the banking sector, as well as the main directions of development of mobile technologies in the banking sector, have been defined. Based on the construction of a regression model, the impact of the development of mobile technologies on the institutional composition of the Russian banking system has been assessed, indicating, that with increased usage of the Internet and mobile technologies in the process of making customer payments, the number of internal structural units of existing credit institutions is reduced.
Reduction of the number of credit organizations in the banking sector of the Russian Federation has been considered. The paper has been based on the data of Statistical Bulletin of the Bank of Russia for 2015-2017 years. Attention has been paid to some problems of creating banks resources potential especially because of declining external financing. The problems of small and medium-sized banks, including the availability of state budget funds have been designated. The main characteristics of the dynamics of lending to non-financial organizations and individuals have been considered. A discrepancy between the high financial results of the banking sector and a very modest contribution to the investment activities of non-financial organizations has been noted. Particular attention has been paid to the difference in interest rates on loans and deposits for different categories of borrowers and depositors.
The functioning of charitable organizations in modern economic conditions requires significant financial resources. Analysis of financial aspects of Russian charitable organizations and development of recommendations for financial mechanism improvement are aims of the paper. The main problem of the financial mechanism functioning of the Russian charitable organizations is, that the legislation refers to charity, target assistance to specific people and organizations in limited period of time. The regulatory framework should encourage the emergence of sustainable charitable institutions – organizations, which are committed to long-term work. To expand their capabilities, it is advisable for charitable foundations to implement projects, related to commercial activities, all profits from which will be directed to the working capital of the Fund for purpose of redirecting to charity.
A project on the use of distributed registry technology to improve funding for start-ups in Japan has been considered. The project is based on the application of distributed registry technology, smart contracts, a big database of start-ups credit risk (in Japan CRDS), a local investment fund, a unified marketing and trading platform. The model of investor behavior (taking into account risk and profitability) has made it possible to show, that with growing investor confidence (individuals and households) and a certain level of profitability of startups, investing in startups will be more preferable, than a bank deposit. The features of the project have been highlighted and a conclusion has been made, that under certain conditions, the adduced scheme for financing start-ups can be used in Russia, for example, by the Industry Development Fund.
SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES
The issues of the effectiveness of communication as one of the key factors in the formation of students for successful activity in the organization have been considered. It has been shown, that the concept of efficiency is a nonlinear problem, supposing the determination of the compromise zone for each of the parties involved. It has been revealed, that different forms of communication assume the use of appropriate criteria for determining their effectiveness. The significance of each form of communication for improving the efficiency of communication in General, the process of training students, has been disclosed.
Presently, the noticeable growth of number of the persons of old age suffering from the most various diseases has been turned into a serious problem, both for separate families, and for the state in general, seeking to provide sustainable social and economic development at the federal and regional levels. In this regard the great scientific and practical value acquires patronage as the modern instrument of support and providing aged. Improvement of methodology of a comprehensive statistical investigation of scales, prevalence and results of activity of patronage service plays an important role for its development, especially in the context of development of the system of indicators for complex assessment of so specific public phenomenon.
The changing features of the work of the special organization, taking into account the number of students and differences, associated with the frequent diseases, have been revealed. In the course of research, the percentage of students of the Special Department to the total number of students, entered the State University of Management in the 2018/2019 academic year (12.53 %), has been determined. Four vain groups of diseases have been identified: musculoskeletal system, cardiovascular system, vision, and some students with multiple diseases. In the selection of means and methods of training in physical culture, it is necessary to study in more detail the distribution of students with several diseases among university institutes and reveal study groups in the schedule grid, which require a special teaching approach. The results of this study will serve as the basis of the optimizing medical and prophylactic complexes of exercises for students of the State University of Management.
CURRENT TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY
The main approaches to the definition of the phenomenon of “alienation” have been considered. The causes and dynamics of the emergence of alienation in the child-parent relationship have been investigated. Interconnection of violations in parent-child relationships with the incorrect educational strategy of parents has been revealed. Special attention has been paid to the specificity of manifestations and the nature of alienation in adolescence. It has been supposed about the connection between alienation and style of upbringing of a teenager. The practical part of the article describes the procedure and results of the study on the determination of this connection. The analysis has identified a statistically significant interrelation between alienation and the relationship between parents and children. Critical importance of hypo-care for the formation of teenage alienation has been ascertained. The characteristic of child-parent relations in same-sex and opposite-sex couples child-parent has been made.
Some definitions of image, its essence, quality, providing success of performance of work or interfering professional activity of the manager have been considered. The results of an empirical research of a manager’s positive image perception by consumers in the sphere of hotel service of the Republic of Armenia and the Republic of Artsakh have been analyzed. Also, on the basis of a theoretical analysis of the definitions of the “image” concept, the main approaches to its study, methods, mechanisms, functions and socio-psychological components, the definition of the manager’s image in the in the sphere of hotel service as an attractive image has been formulated, including the image of I, manifesting in certain business, personal qualities and external characteristics, in the continuous development of self-actualization and achievement motivation.
ISSN 2686-8415 (Online)