No 10 (2019)
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CURRENT ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT
5-14 950
Abstract
The formation and development of logistics science in Russia has been shown as well as the place occupied in this process by the State University of Management and the Department of Logistics has been revealed. The structure of the scientific school of the Department of Logistics and its relationship with the domestic school of logistics have been shown. An attempt to comprehend critically the directions of development of logistics as a science has been made. The problems of the definition of logistics, discrepancies in the use of this term in scientific and practical activities have been adduced. Perspective directions of the development of modern logistics, developed by the Department of Logistics, have been shown. The system-forming trends in the development of supply chains, determining the further development of logistics as a science and field of activity, have been identified.
15-21 500
Abstract
The issues of system approach development to the selection process of projects proposed for financing and the construction of their rating score have been studied. This approach is a practical tool to justify the decision to support or reject projects. An interconnected system of functional tasks for assessing the competitiveness of a complex project-organization object and the direction of such an assessment have been proposed been proposed. The presented mathematics will allow take into account both various parameters of both the project itself and the features of the organization that plans to implement it. Such approach encourages these organizations, to increase their competitiveness. Based on the calculated ratings of complex objects there is their ranking. As a formalized means a matrix for the formation of decisions on the allocation of funds to the applicant organization to finance the declared project has been adduced.
22-26 728
Abstract
The identification of mechanisms for the implementation of public relations and the selection of effective internal PR tools can affect the organization’s management. The main objective of internal PR is to stabilize the workforce and increase employee satisfaction. The possibilities of internal PR in the formation and maintenance of corporate culture have been investigated in the article. The indicators of labor assessment presented not only help determine the level of professionalism of the employee, but also demonstrate his personalized labor achievements to the whole team. The motivation of the participants of the labor process to the awareness of the importance of the implementation of the collective tasks has a beneficial effect on the formation of corporate culture. Monitoring of events and internal PR tools will allow you to adjust the formation of corporate culture and provide a high level of management at the enterprise.
27-33 551
Abstract
A new opportunities in managing large, complex and dynamic social systems of individual countries and regions as well as managing economic, political and information systems of the whole world has been investigated. In general, their historical emergence as a result of the «information revolution», digital economy and digitalization of social life has been considered. Such technologies serve as a foundation of ambitions of different classes and elites to monopolize the power, which is a danger to the human society. However, this opens other prospects like creating the social justice» society. These two tendencies have been analyzed briefly in the article. The problem of our society’s class structure also from a theoretical standpoint has been reviewed.
34-41 427
Abstract
The author’s interpretation of the content and essence of ideological and political discussions in the Russian post-October emigration in years 1920-1930 about the causes of the revolutionary collapse of Russia, the ways and prospects of the revival of the national Russian statehood has been presented. The connection between the ideological search for Russian emigration and the central for Russian social thought, the problem of understanding the originality of the Russian political process, the features of the formation and evolution of national political identity, has been substantiated. The reasons for the widespread anti-democratic views and beliefs in the emigrant environment, the growing distrust of Western democracy and liberal institutions and values have been revealed. An analysis of the political projects and models of the future revived Russia proposed by Russian emigrants («social Christianity», a renewed monarchy), which affirmed the special path of development of Russia that distinguished its «philistine» West, – has been given. The conclusion about the importance of these projects of the ideal structure of the future of Russia for the modern state development of Russia, the search for its new identity, has been made.
42-47 380
Abstract
The content and existing practice, the approach and provisions adopted in official methodological documents for assessing the qualifications of personnel, as well as the content and parameters of qualification requirements for employees during their certification have been considered. In light of this and in the light of the ongoing work on the development of professional standards in all sectors of production and the economy, the competency-based approach implemented by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation in higher professional education has been analyzed. As a result of this analysis, the shortcomings of conceptual provisions and an approach to assessing the level of professional preparedness of university graduates, to determining and accepting the general economic and professional competencies of graduates of the bachelor and master level have been revealed. Suggestions have been made for adjusting the content of the methodological support of the educational process in terms of assessing knowledge and preparedness for the practical work of graduates of vocational education institutions.
48-51 663
Abstract
An attempt to solve the agrarian question at the beginning of the 20th century has been analyzed. The interaction and confrontation of two ministries – the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of the Interior and local authorities: local committees of the Special Meeting on the needs of the agricultural industry and provincial committees of the Editorial Commission of the Ministry of the Interior, their attempts to discuss and resolve the peasant issue at the beginning of the 20th century, – have been examined. It has been substantiated, that at the beginning of the 20th century the state authorities did not develop a unified course in resolving the peasant issue and only the events of the 1905 revolution forced the government to take emergency measures in the development of agricultural legislation.
52-58 3251
Abstract
The concept of a single cultural (civilizational) code as a meaningful characteristic of the cultural component of the Russian national (political) identity has been considered. The concept of a civilizational code presupposes an understanding of Russia both as a modern nation-state and as a historical civilization- state. It follows, that Russian identity can be characterized as being national-civilizational. The Russian cultural (civilizational) code is shown as a decisive condition for the unity and stability of Russian statehood and Russian civilization. The impact of the Russian cultural (civilizational) code on the ethnic identity of non-Russian citizens of our country is not assimilation, but acculturation. Russian civilizational identity dialectically integrates ethno-cultural and confessional identities of Russians, while responding to the request of the Russian ethnic identity. Reproduction of the Russian cultural (civilizational) code is implemented by means of linguistic, cultural, symbolic, historical policies, policies in the field of adaptation and integration of migrants, etc.
STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIONS
59-66 1068
Abstract
Biofuel is one of the world’s major alternative sources of energy derived from biomass which includes almost all organic substances. In this regard, the state and prospects of development of the world bioenergy have been considered. The positive and negative sides of increasing energy production from biomass have been revealed. The analysis of the countries with the greatest biological resources for the production of liquid and gaseous biofuels has been carried out. The leading countries in the production of various types of biofuels have been determined and the measures of state support, contributing to the development of this direction, have been analyzed. The state and prospects of bioenergy development in Russia have been considered. The export potential of the country in the field of biofuel production and its use in industry has been revealed. It has been established, that despite some successes in the use of biofuel, the development of bioenergy projects in Russia still leaves much to be desired. The reasons, hindering the development of bioenergy in Russia, and measures to stimulate the development of biofuel production have been identified. In this regard, a flexible policy of the state in terms of innovation and energy is necessary, while today the state is focused on traditional energy sources.
67-72 519
Abstract
The relationship of labor productivity with other macroeconomic indicators has been analyzed: the level of wages in current prices and taking into account the Paasche deflator index; dynamics of the gross domestic product; the dynamics of the share of food in the consumer basket; the indicators of changes in clean investments, that is a key factor in economic growth in the national economy. On the basis of empirical data, the trends of productivity growth in comparison with the growth of other macroeconomic indicators algebraically and graphically have been shown. It has been concluded, that the development of human resources is necessary, since low productivity is a brake on the economic growth of the country in the conditions of catching-up development.
73-80 469
Abstract
The commercial infrastructure formation is a key challenge of creating a common electric power market for the Eurasian Economic Union member states (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Armenia) provided for in the Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union. The comparative analysis of electricity trading arrangements in the Eurasian Economic Union states have been presented in the article. It has been shown, that there are notable differences between combined power markets of these group of states in terms of the organization of trade relations (participants, infrastructure services, rules on trade and pricing policies). It has been established, that only the characteristics of the Russian electric power market fully comply with the requirements of program documents for the Eurasian Economic Union common electric power market. The appropriate recommendations on measures to adapt the power markets of other Eurasian Economic Union States to these requirements have been given
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY AND REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
81-85 403
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to describe methodological approaches to the complex concept of reliability of engineering enterprises in a competitive environment. The concept of enterprise reliability is proposed to include the following areas of analysis: sustainability of economic growth, financial stability, industrial mobility and market stability. Each of the areas under consideration has its own aspects of analysis and indicators. The definitions of the proposed directions have been given, the need for their joint use in determining the reliability of the enterprise has been substantiated. The main content of the study is to analyze each component of the reliability of the enterprise, the proposed system of indicators that determine them, as well as the most favorable trends in the last time to improve the status and reliability of the enterprise. According to the results of the conducted research, the conclusion about the necessity of development of methods of reliability evaluation of engineering enterprises through the levels to create the structure of sectoral development opportunities has been made.
86-92 466
Abstract
The classification features, that reflect various aspects of inter-regional differentiation, have been summarized. The initial information for the analysis were the works of domestic and foreign scientists. The methodological basis of the study was a set of formal logical methods. The obtained results confirm, that the researchers do not stop searching for new features, serving as the basis for future classifications. In some cases, they go along the path of complicating the criteria; in others, they try to simplify them. The potential of domestic classifications of regions as an instrument of regional policy is not fully used, which requires concrete steps from scientists and practitioners, in particular, adjusting existing classifications over time, tracking the movement of regions from one group to another, and developing support measures for each group of regions.
93-101 466
Abstract
The basic models, mechanisms and methods of integration of regional corporate structures have been presented. The foreign and Russian experience in the formation of corporate structures has been considered. The structure of the integration mechanism in the context of the interaction of the external and internal environment of the organization has been discussed, which makes it possible to manage integration in the process of forming the corporate structure and its further development on the basis of identifying dominant factors in order to achieve a balanced state of the system. It has been shown, that the influence of large corporations on the economy of the region is determined by number of features. Russian practice indicates, that corporations receive substantial benefits from the region’s economy, and for regions the presence of large corporations often does not contribute to the development of the economic space. Nevertheless, modern realities determine the need for the development of corporate structures at the regional level.
102-105 1201
Abstract
Today France is one of the most visited countries in the world. The features of the tourism industry in France have been considered in the article. The purpose of the article is to study the current state of tourism in France and make forecasts for the near future. The phenomenon of excessive tourism has been highlighted, the reaction of the local population to sutourism has been reviewed and substantiated. The opinion of experts of the World Tourism Organization on excessive tourism has been adduced. The latest significant events, that can affect tourist flows, have been considered.
106-111 560
Abstract
Building a modern, sustainable and reliable infrastructure is crucial to meet the growing needs of people in Russian regions. Investment in infrastructure increases economic growth temps, opens up new economic opportunities and facilitates investment in human capital. Сurrently, the population of the Russian regions is experiencing infrastructure deficit, as evidenced by congested roads, poorly maintained recreational areas, deteriorating social infrastructure assets: schools, hospitals, that are either missing or in urgent need of repair. In this regard, the state bears huge costs in parallel with the reduction of productivity and competitiveness of the regions and observing a lower standard of living. The regional authorities are not able to finance the needs of regional infrastructure, some regions have infrastructure created many years ago, that needs modernization, it is necessary to find funding for «greenfield projects – infrastructure projects implemented in undeveloped «green» areas». The decision of the regional authorities on the implementation of public-private partnership should be based on determining the benefits, which this approach will bring to the public: lower costs, high level of service or reduced risk. The conclusion, that the provision of regions with infrastructure facilities is due to the satisfaction of social needs of citizens, economic well-being and a decent standard of living of the population, – has been substantiated.
112-117 488
Abstract
One of the most important infrastructure components of the state’s economy is the road network. The practice of assessing the effectiveness of the use of budget allocations of the Federal Road Fund, has been examined. It has been identified, that the evaluation of the effectiveness of budget expenditures is carried out by road funds. It has been concluded, that there is an absence of an objective evaluation system, and there are no requirements for the effective use of budgetary allocations. A proposal to create a comprehensive system for assessing the effectiveness of the use of budget funds has been formed. It has been proposed to use the following methodological approaches: program and stock. As a result of a technique approbation it has been revealed, that the efficiency of the use of budget allocations decreases.
118-123 596
Abstract
Sales have been considered as a process, which can be described, studied, systematized and, on this basis, to increase its effectiveness. The results of the audit work of the sales department of the dealership have been presented. The problems of telephone conversations of sellers with dealership customers and the reasons for refusing to buy a car have been revealed. The control points for incoming phone calls from the marketing department and sales department have been defined. An approach to the development of the sales model of an auto dealer center based on lido generation has been considered.
124-131 431
Abstract
A quantitative comparison of the optimal characteristics of two schemes of construction of the gas industry of the national economy, using mathematical modeling – a scheme with full vertical integration of the industry and a scheme with a vertical division of the industry into a competitive gas production sector and a gas transportation system, which is a natural monopoly сore of the industry – has been carried out. It has been established, that allocation of the competitive making sector can give small increase in total amount of gas production and the same reduction of price for the end user, but can lead to decrease in investments into the development of the industry. It has been concluded, that the decision on a form of existence of the industry demands joint consideration both economic and political aspects of the problem.
132-138 1210
Abstract
The method of dynamic programming has been considered, which is used in solving multiple problems in economics, on the example of using Bellman’s optimality principle for solving nonlinear programming problems. On a specific numerical example, the features of the solution have been shown in detail with all the calculations. The problem of optimal distribution of funds among enterprises for the expansion of production has been formulated, which would give the maximum total increase in output. The solution of the task has been presented in the case, when the number of enterprises is 3. It has been shown, that the Bellman optimality principle allows you solve applied problems of cost forecasting with obtaining the optimal solution-maximum profit at minimum costs.
ECONOMICS: PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS AND PROSPECTS
139-146 384
Abstract
New requirements to the system of macroeconomic indicators, corresponding to the concept of socio-economic development sustainability, have been determined. The factors, associated with the features of gross domestic product constructing methodology, determining the trends observed in international statistics for adjusting or replacing the gross domestic product with other analytical indicators, have been identified. Actual problems of environmental factors accounting in the construction of adjusted gross domestic product values have been considered. The basic schemes for constructing gross domestic product modified versions used in modern international statistics have been presented. Approaches to the reflection of environmental components in the System of National Accounts have been systematized. International experience of environmental factors accounting in adjusting macroeconomic indicators has been codified. Recommendations on the use of advanced international experience in accounting for environmental factors in Russian statistics have been presented.
147-151 1753
Abstract
The implementation of the sanctions policy of the United States and Western Europe in relation to the Russian Federation has been analyzed. The objectives of the USA and European Union sanctions policies have been identified. The study has been based on the principles of a three-level classification of sanctions aimed at destabilizing the economy of the Russian Federation. Sectors of the economy and companies have been identified, that, have become objects of sanctions policy and have suffered more from USA and European Union sanctions. The role of sanctions as a toolkit, which can influence the political and economic balance of power in the world, has been defined. The opinion of representatives of business of foreign countries on the formation of anti-Russian sanctions has been reflected within the article. The features of the implementation of the sanctions policy in the digital block and cyberspace have been noted.
152-157 526
Abstract
It has been shown, that the national economy of Russia is subject to reform and needs in innovative transformation. The information economy implies radical changes in all its spheres and affects the activities of many economic entities at different hierarchical levels of management. The directions of creation of development institutions, combining elements of self-regulation and state regulation and providing formation of breakthrough economy have been highlighted. A new breakthrough technologies of transformation of economy, along with traditional methods of managing the most priority of which are mobilizing resources in education and science-intensive industries have been considered.
158-164 505
Abstract
Based on the study of marketing activities of Russian TV channels of entertainment and educational segments the modern methods of attracting viewers to television brands have been analyzed. The objects of the study are seven well-known public broadcasters, whose business has established more than twenty-five significant and cost-effective ways to influence the loyalty of the audience. In combination with negative factors indirectly affecting the implementation of loyalty programs, taking into account the existing methods of other industries, a minimum independent evaluation of the effectiveness of loyalty, which can serve as an idea for new marketing developments, and will contribute to the development of scientific research in this economical area, has been suggested.
165-169 896
Abstract
In period, following the imposition of sanctions, Iran faced many economic problems. Financial sanctions did not allow Iran to access international business, and international credit cards system (MasterCard and VISA) was not extended to Iran. The ways of independent development of Iran, used at the moment and possible in the future have been considered in the article. Of possible alternatives, in particular, the concept of development, based on the forecast, that sanctions have a negative impact on Iran, in accordance with the second, sanctions have a positive impact on Iran, have been analyzed. The author examines in the article both concepts and their impact on the country’s economy.
FINANCE AND BANKING
170-175 1419
Abstract
Based on the analysis of the particularities of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia in the period 2000-2018, an assessment of its effectiveness has been carried out and the main problems in the sphere of monetary regulation have been identified. It has been determined, that the Bank of Russia focuses solely on ensuring price stability, limits the availability of credit for enterprises in the real sector of the economy, which significantly reduces their development potential. It has been shown, that under the conditions of unjustified monetary policy rigidity, the efficiency of the banking system’s function of transforming savings into investments is reduced. Thus, the easing of the monetary policy by the Bank of Russia is considered as a necessary condition for the development of national production.
176-181 578
Abstract
The problematic issues, associated with the functioning of non-credit financial institutions, have been considered. Particular attention has been paid to their activities, in terms of money circulation to organizations-operators of payment systems, in terms of credit to microfinance organizations. Presently, issues of evaluating the activities of non-credit financial institutions are the least developed in the scientific and methodological аspects. Based on the role and importance for monetary and credit circulation in the Russian Federation, ensuring the continuity of payments within the Russian economy and beyond, an approach to the currently unsolved problem as the definition of criteria for the effectiveness of these economic agents has been offered. According to the results of the study, directions have been proposed for improving the assessment of the activities of non-credit financial organizations.
182-187 631
Abstract
The experience of Japanese experts in using big data analytics to reduce credit risk when financing small and medium-sized enterprises has been reviewed. Three multiple regression models were used to predict the likelihood of medium-sized enterprises default. The results of the study have showed, that the bank account model complements the financial model well, which will allow credit organizations to increase lending to medium-sized enterprises. It has been concluded, that the use of big data analytics requires the development of an information model of the subject area, which will provide a significant improvement in lending to medium-sized enterprises in Russia. The experience of the Asian Development Bank in researching the activities of medium-sized enterprises shows the practical possibility of using big data analytics by any development bank.
SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES
188-194 1126
Abstract
The results of sociological survey conducted in 2018 to identify the level of social well-being of the population of Ulan-Ude have been presented. The indicators of social well-being, associated with life satisfaction and cognitive characteristics of the respondents, have been analyzed. Conclusions about the optimistic mood of the urban population, due to the unpretentiousness of life strategies and the hope for the effectiveness of the Republic`s new head`s team have been made. At the same time, a problematic field, associated with the high level of migratory moods of residents, determined by serious problems of the socio-economic development of the republic, – has been highlighted. The authors recommend to raise the level and quality of population’s life, to create new jobs with decent wages, to reduce social inequality and contribute to the preservation of a stable inter-ethnic space for change the situation for the better
ISSN 1816-4277 (Print)
ISSN 2686-8415 (Online)
ISSN 2686-8415 (Online)