The relevance of the study is determined by the increasing role of risks in the formation of motivation programs aimed at retaining managers of the middle and top levels of organization management. The purpose of the study was to identify risks that arise in the process of implementing motivation programs for managerial personnel. In the study, the following tasks were solved: determining the sources and risk factors; assessing the probability of risks and the level of possible consequences of a risk event; identifying the risks that are most priority for management based on building a risk map; development of ways to reduce risks that reduce the effectiveness of the implementation of motivational programs to retain managers of the organization. The work uses systematic and situational approaches, expert assessment, the survey method and the Delphi method, risk mapping. The developed measures to eliminate risks will allow organizations to prevent reputational and financial losses and analyze the effectiveness of each implemented motivational tool to retain the leaders of the organization.

The purpose of this article is to describe the essence and principles of a new methodological approach to the enterprise management system analysis in the context of digital transformation. The approach proposed by the authors is based on the key criteria for the effectiveness of any economic system management in the context of digital changes. The identified criteria for the effectiveness of management include such aspects as the enterprise digital transformation strategy development, which does not contradict the general course of development; the involvement of qualified employees in the field of digital management; ensuring the motivation of personnel to implement digital transformation; the introduction of a special modular digital platform that combines the necessary technologies, techniques; conducting systematic monitoring of the implementation of transformational tasks and goals. In this study, the authors used the method of theoretical generalization and comparison, scientific abstraction, logical, induction and deduction methods, etc. As a result of the study, it was concluded that it is expedient to apply the proposed methodological approach to the analysis of enterprise management by taking into account and evaluating the criteria for management effectiveness in the context of digital transformation, as well as calculating the integral index.

Currently, the problem of youth participation in the development of urban space is extremely relevant both from the perspective of transforming the living environment with the resources of local communities, and the socialization of urban youth itself, expanding opportunities for personal growth through involvement in socially useful activities. The purpose of the article is to identify the conditions and readiness to participate in the development of a comfortable urban environment for students. The study was conducted in Vologda, Russian Federation, through a quantitative methodological strategy (questionnaire survey among university students, n = 207). The paper presents theoretical and methodological approaches to understanding the urban environment and a comfortable urban environment. It is indicated that a comfortable urban environment is a socio-economic category, reflecting the interactions within the urban space, which is most comfortable for the life of citizens. It is concluded that the student youth expresses their willingness to actively participate in decision-making on the development and improvement of the urban environment. In conclusion, the directions of enhancing the civic participation of young people in the formation of a comfortable urban space on the basis of dialogue platforms are considered.

The article is devoted to hydrogen as a promising source for obtaining clean energy. Attention is paid to the development of hydrogen energy both in the world and separately in the Russian Federation. The accumulated international experience in the production of hydrogen fuel is considered. The article mentions various methods of extracting hydrogen for its use as a fuel. Water electrolysis is noted as a promising method of hydrogen production due to its environmental friendliness. Particular attention in this article is paid to the current situation in the world in the fuel and energy complex, namely, the introduction of hydrogen fuel. For this, all possible lines of hydrogen supply to friendly countries that could be potential allies of Russia in the hydrogen energy industry are considered.

Green bonds have become the most notable innovations in the field of sustainable financing over the past 10 years. The article discusses the problems of issuing and circulation of such financial market instruments, examines the opportunities that modern financial technologies provide for the development of this market segment. Technologies for investing in green bonds and sustainable development bonds remain burdensome and technologically complex, as they involve going through many stages and attracting a significant number of participants. In addition, to date, there has not been a liquid and transparent market for retail investors, and economic sanctions against Russia cut off the country from the financial markets of other countries for an indefinite time. However, the tools of sustainable development can now be successfully applied if innovative technologies such as blockchain technologies, smart contracts, the Internet of things and digital assets are used. The purpose of the study is to formulate recommendations for the progress of the sustainable development system in Russia, as well as to propose a mechanism for the tokenization of sustainable development bonds to attract and place funds from small investors in order to solve social and environmental problems of the Russian economy.

Digital maturity of business is the object of the study. The subject of research is the process of systemic digital transformation of business. Research methods include indicative method and the method of system analysis. The premise of the study is to identify the unsystematic digitalization of business in industry as one of the significant problems of achieving digital maturity in the Strategy for Digital Transformation of Manufacturing Industries in the Russian Federation. The purpose of the study is to identify the reasons for the unsystematic processes of business digitalization to achieve “digital maturity”. To achieve this goal, technological trends in the global systemic digital business transformation were analyzed and monitoring of the compliance of digital business transformation processes in Russia with the identified characteristics of global systemic business digitalization was carried out. The study showed that in the Russian business sector there is a technological gap with the global processes of digital business transformation. As a result of the study, it was found that the main reasons for the unsystematic processes of digitalization of Russian business are the low quality of business digitalization with high digital activity and low technological capabilities for implementing Industry 4.0 technologies due to the limited use of the Internet mobile network in business, business cybersecurity tools, Internet communications and cloud services. The increment of knowledge consists in determining the technological principle of digital business transformation at the global level – this is a mobile device operating on the principles of machine-to-machine interaction M2M with big data IoT (Internet of things) based on 5G speeds and Wi-Fi 6 communication standards, as well as identifying a system of indicators for monitoring the technological basis for managing the “digital maturity” of a business.

The Northern Sea Route is a promising transport project. Its effective development requires the use of various innovative technologies. The purpose of the study is to determine the role and significance of the Northern Sea Route development plan until 2035, adopted by the Government of the Russian Federation in August 2022, as an instrument of the state’s innovation policy. After analyzing the content of the activities presented in the plan, the author comes to the conclusion that, despite some shortcomings (the inclusion of activities already underway, measures to develop railway infrastructure that are not related to the Northern Sea Route, arithmetic errors that are usually not typical for documents of this level) the practical implementation of the proposals presented in the plan for the development of a nuclear icebreaker fleet, the creation of an Arctic satellite constellation, the formation of an environmental monitoring system is impossible without the active introduction of innovations, fundamental and applied research in the field of natural, technical, medical and social sciences. This allows us to consider the plan as an instrument of the innovation policy of the federal executive authorities for the development of the country’s national economy in the long term.

In the context of the digitalization of the economy, it is important to systematize indicators that will fully assess the work of the regions of the Russian Federation in the direction of the country’s information development. The article presents a system for assessing state entities within the framework of infrastructure and access to the Internet network throughout the country. The authors analyze the heterogeneity of the regional structure of Russia in terms of digitalization indicators. The use of advanced statistical parametric and non-parametric methods made it possible to determine the stratification of regions. The paper compares the level of development of information and communication technologies in groups (layers) of regions according to the indicators included in the block “information and communication technologies infrastructure and access”, obtained as a result of monitoring the development of the information society in the Russian Federation. Researchers conduct a factor analysis to identify the main components that affect the level of development of information and communication technologies in the Russian regions.

The purpose of the work is to reveal the content, safety and regulation of the metallurgical industry restructuring. The objectives of the article are to generalize the theory and methods that characterize the essence of the designated industry restructuring regularities, the main directions of their safe implementation and regulation. The subject of the publication defines the organizational and economic relations arising during the implementation of the Russian metallurgy safe restructuring. The methodology of the study proceeds from objectively recurring significant relationships and dependencies that arise in the metallurgical industry restructuring process, the main link of its economy. The key results are reduced to determining a number of regularities of restructuring, its essence, features, priorities, clustering and ways of safe regulation by the state. Their scientific understanding is quite applicable both in educational institutions of the country when studying the theory and methodology of economic science, methods of restructuring of various sectors of the economy, and in real practice of structural changes at all levels of government. In conclusion, a number of findings are formed, reflecting both the content and safety of the restructuring of metallurgy and the corresponding laws, and the regulation of these processes.

The article deals with the problems of a high share of import dependence in the pharmaceutical and medical industry of the Russian Federation, leading to a decrease in the security of the state and public health, to the actualization of providing modern and high-quality Russian medicines issues. The study analyzes the causes of the current situation in the pharmaceutical and medical industry in Russia. Based on the information received, the policy of state actions for the purchase of imported substances, raw materials, equipment from China and India is analyzed using modern data processing methods. Guided by modern tools for managing business strategies in industry, tactical measures that will speed up the process of import substitution through the formation and effective use of the research, technological and production potential of the state are proposed. A set of tactical measures to improve the import substitution process in the field of Russian pharmaceuticals is also presented. The assessment of the proposed tactical measures to improve the process of import substitution in the field of pharmaceuticals, which is designed to solve important social, economic and strategic tasks, has been carried out.

The article analyzes the current state of digital technologies in industry in general and in the oil industry in particular. To understand the essence of digitalization, the authors consider some of the provisions set out in the state program “Digital Economy of the Russian Federation”. Relevant digital technologies are proposed for use for each stage of the oil cycle, considering the technological and economic features, and the possibility of introducing digital technologies into the business processes of oil and gas companies is assessed. In the final part of the article, based on the analysis of the prospects for the implementation of digital economy technologies in oil and gas companies, the results from the implementation of these technologies are identified, which manifest themselves both in the financial aspect and in intangible assets. At the same time, the article also identifies the most significant risks associated with the implementation and operation of business processes based on digital technologies.

The relevance of youth students’ incentives and readiness for labor migration study is related to the challenges in the regional labor markets of the Russian Federation. The aim is to substantiate the approach for the study of the incentives and readiness for labor migration of the digital generation. To develop the methodological approach neoclassical migration theory, principles of new economic theory, migration model of E. Lee are taken. The system model is developed considering D. Tapscott’s network generation concept and SberCIB Investment Research analytics of Generation Z consumer practices. As a result, a systematic model of digital generation stimuli and readiness for labor migration research in the context of educational strategies and work experience is presented. The approach allows, firstly, to establish educational strategies of student youth: career-oriented (I); status-oriented (II); psychological comfort and creativity (III); forced learning (IV); random choice (V). Secondly, to determine correlations between educational strategies and labor practices of young people. For this purpose it is proposed to single out following groups: working students (R); with work experience (O); not working and not planning (N); not working but planning (P). Thirdly, to determine incentives and identify readiness for labor migration for each of the groups.

The article notes the lack of investment in heat supply market, which leads to increased wear and tear of both heat sources and heating networks, huge heat losses and non-competitiveness of district heating systems. A proposal is being considered to implement a new model of the heat market in all regions of Russia and to switch from direct state regulation of tariffs for heat energy (capacity) to contractual tariffs, the maximum level of which is determined by the “alternative boiler house” method. However, for those regions where the existing tariffs for heat energy (capacity) are higher than the established limit levels using the “alternative boiler house” method, the authors propose the use of other approaches and methods of tariff regulation, in particular, examples, advantages and disadvantages of using energy service contracts, tariff regulation based on method of return on invested capital, new legislation in terms of obtaining long-term loans for the modernization of infrastructure from the National Welfare Fund and the Housing and Utilities Reform Assistance Fund.

The growth of individual entrepreneurs annually creates a special layer of small businesses, however, both legally and practically, the existing accounting systems do not consider the specifics of such a business, therefore, the search for an alternative accounting system is an urgent problem. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the previously proposed alternative integrated accounting and analytical system for individual entrepreneurs by creating a test to assess the requirements for organizing accounting and analytical systems by individual entrepreneurs, assess the elements of the management system in the proposed integrated system, and assess the processing of accounting information by three types of systems: traditional, functional and integrated. The study used a systematic method, as well as methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison. Based on the results of the study, a conclusion was made about the advantage of an alternative accounting and analytical system for individual entrepreneurs in comparison with the existing traditional accounting system. The results of the study can become the basis for improving the proposed early alternative integrated accounting and analytical system for individual entrepreneurs and can be used as state recommendations for keeping records by individual entrepreneurs, as well as introducing the accounting system structure into new alternative enterprise resource planning systems.

The article introduces a new concept – sanction national and regional reproduction. The authors note that the operation of a number of objective economic laws in the sanction conditions of development to a certain extent loses the force of its impact on the reproduction of the gross social product. Changes in the processes of reproduction, distribution, exchange and consumption of the national and regional product under sanctions are analyzed. The scheme of output abroad of added value in case of sale of objects of labor is considered. Anti-sanction measures are proposed at all phases of the reproduction of the gross social product: production, distribution, exchange and consumption. It is emphasized that sanction social reproduction as a specific form of socio-economic development should be an independent object of study of regional economic science. As a result of the study, the consequences of transformational reproductive processes of creating and using a social product under the conditions of sanctions are revealed.

The article deals with an attempt to assess an impact of digitalization on the economic development of the European countries. For these purposes, it is proposed to supplement the classical Cobb-Douglas production function with a digital capital parameter. However, the study showed the problem of absence of a representative statistical base for the cost estimation of the digital capital of the European countries. Under these conditions, method for the impact assessment of digitalization on the indicators of the countries’ economic growth was developed, based on the application of the rating correlation analysis to the classical production function calculations results and the business digitalization index. In general, the results of the performed calculations confirmed the positive impact of business digitalization on the economic growth of the European countries and made it possible to estimate the nature of the digital processes’ impact on the main production factors – labor and fixed asset. The prospects for further development of this subject should be associated with the scientific grounds of the general approaches to estimating digital capital and the formation of the corresponding statistical arrays.

In the structure of thermal generation of the Russian Federation, the share of modern combined-cycle plants, characterized by low specific fuel consumption (CCGT), is only 16 % and is based on the use of Western-made gas turbines. To stimulate import substitution, as measures of state support, special prices for capacity produced by new generation are used, and tax incentives are provided to investor enterprises. The paper assesses the impact of existing state support measures on the commercial efficiency of the investment project for the construction of a CCGT-120 on Russian equipment in the city of Saki (Republic of Crimea). The indicators of net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and payback period for three scenarios (basic and two alternative, differing in the composition of state support measures) are considered. It is shown that the use of a special capacity tariff for new generation (competitive capacity extraction of new generating facilities – KOM NG) and tax incentives ensures the project’s profitability at the level of 18.7 % and the payback period is 7 years. Refusal to provide special tariffs for the capacity will cause the project to become unprofitable. The abolition of tax incentives will lead to a reduction in NPV by 40 %, a decrease in the project’s profitability to a critical level of 14.7 % and an increase in the payback period by 2 years. In order to rise the commercial efficiency of investment projects for the installation of CCGT units on Russian equipment and reduce the scale of their state support, it is necessary to increase the volume of heat supply and optimize investment costs.

The subject of the study is the methods of financing small and medium-sized businesses based on the use of investment platforms. The purpose of the article is to study the mechanisms for investing in small and medium-sized businesses in the digital economy based on a systematic approach. The article reveals the problems of lending to small and medium-sized businesses that hinder business development in modern conditions. Emphasis is placed on the mechanism of using investment platforms. The role of using crowdfunding technology is revealed. It is an affordable way to finance the activities of companies that do not have a credit history and collateral for obtaining a loan from banks. The stages of the investment process based on the use of the investment platform are outlined. The advantages and disadvantages of investment platforms for financing small and medium-sized businesses have been identified. A detailed analysis of the most common investment platforms in Russia has been carried out. It is emphasized that the study of positive and negative aspects in the system of crowdfunding relations should have a favorable impact on this direction of financing and provide investment platforms with a significant influx of investors.

The article is devoted to the issue of developing the interaction of participants in the system of long-term care for senior citizens. The solution of this problem will improve the quality and level of provision of social care services and will help to meet the existing interests and individual needs of the recipients of social services. The purpose of the article is to develop a mechanism for regulating the system of longterm care for older people using financial, personnel, organizational, managerial, information and technological components in the Stavropol Krai of the Russian Federation. The authors used such research methods as a systematic approach, analysis and systematization of information, methods of processing and displaying the information received. The article analyzes the existing definitions of the “mechanism”, “regulatory mechanism” concepts. Based on the analysis of definitions, considering industry specifics, the authors’ definition of the mechanism for regulating the longterm care system is formulated. Based on the results of the article, the authors concluded that the formed mechanism is able to ensure coordinated and interdepartmental interaction between all participants in the long-term care system at the regional and municipal levels, as well as attracting additional financial, human, organizational resources to provide social care services of proper quality, which will fully satisfy the need for them among the recipients of services.

The authors of the article present and analyze surveys of first, second and third year students of the State University of Management in Moscow on issues and problems related to project activities in a foreign language within the framework of curricula in the disciplines “Foreign Language” and “Foreign language of professional business communication”. As a result of the study, the authors conclude that students mostly come to the university with project work skills and improve them over several semesters at the university. The study revealed the most popular programs and platforms that students use to complete project tasks, and also the examples of managerial capacity and volitional powers that, in the opinion of students, a student should acquire in the process of project implementation. The article describes the main factors that can encourage them to do project work, and some problems associated with the implementation of project activities at the State University of Management. The results obtained reflect the university realities of students’ project work in a foreign language and can be useful to methodologists and developers of university curricula.

Adolescence is traditionally attributed to the period of life from 11–12 to 14–15 years. The main contradiction of adolescence is that a teenager wants to be an adult, wants others to treat him as an adult, however, he himself does not feel genuine adulthood. These problems are often provoked by negative information from the internet environment. As part of the study of destructive information environment impact on minors, a sociological study was conducted. It was conducted by anonymous survey of adolescents of various social groups. According to the results of a sociological survey, the author drew a portrait of a modern teenager, identified the problems of the external environment in which he (she) is brought up. 

The article is devoted to new features of mass culture at the digital stage of modern civilization. The emphasis is on the conceptual aspects of the phenomenon under study, its universalism in the context of informational, socio-cultural innovations. The author asserts the idea of the entry of samples and the use of the value fund of the elite level into popular culture. Immersive technologies provide the process of including a wide range of consumers in an alternative, virtual art environment. The specifics of this integration process are considered on the example of museum and gallery activities. Such methods for creating multimedia shows attractive to the mass consciousness as animation, fragmentation, compilation are revealed. The author concludes about the prospect of further coupling of elite and mass cultures. On this basis, the author highlights changes in the value potential, content and semiotic field of cultural products of the digital age, as well as socially significant consequences of bilateral adaptation processes, both counter and separate, both joint and opposite. It is necessary to note the multifactorial, multidirectional nature of cultural metamorphoses associated with the priority of virtual reality, the value of a copy, digital artifact on a par with the original.

When studying a personality, psychological science allows a social protection specialist to identify the motives of behavior and life, goals, interests, ideals, character traits, inclinations and habits. The article reveals the relevance, as well as the features of the socio-psychological work of specialists from social protection institutions with vulnerable categories of the population. It should be noted that the relevance of the problem of state support for vulnerable categories of the population in modern Russia makes it necessary to study this process in more detail and comprehensively, to identify its socio-economic essence. The article defines the purpose, object and subject of the study, formulates the tasks, selects research methods. Psychology provides a comprehensive presentation of the socio-psychological phenomena inherent in a socially vulnerable group in general and a particular representative of this group. Knowledge of the psychological foundations of social protection allows a specialist to form the most appropriate approaches to identifying and studying families, individuals in need of social protection and support, to assessing their psychological capabilities to restore full-fledged life in society, to interpreting the nature of the various impact factors on the human psyche.

The development of foreign and Russian scientific psychological theories of gerontological ageism brings this problem to a new level: new approaches to determining the essence of ageism are developing, new methods and models of diagnosis, prevention and assistance in gerontological discrimination are emerging. The purpose of the article is a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign practices of studying the phenomenon of gerontological ageism. The reliability of the research results is confirmed by the theoretical analysis of scientific literature, comparative analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature. The author attempts to periodize the development of foreign theory and practice of countering gerontological ageism. The Russian periods of development of psychological science explaining the problems of ageism are analyzed. The main conclusion is a comparative analysis of the causes and factors of gerontological discrimination.

The article provides an overview of the study of the depressive states, anxiety and copying strategies issues in the Russian modern research literature. The purpose of the work is to determine the tendency to depressive states, anxiety and copying strategies among male and female students of various universities in St. Petersburg in the amount of 101 people, 50 of them boys and 51 girls aged 17–24 years. The following research methods are used: Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale in T.I. Balashova’s adaptation, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory for identifying personal and situational anxiety in Yu.L. Khanin adaptation, The Lazarus coping test in T.L. Kryukova’s and E.V. Kuftyak’s adaptation. Statistical methods for processing empirical data include descriptive statistics by group, Mann–Whitney U test, correlation analysis, factor analysis. The authors present a general characteristic of students in terms of the studied phenomena. The researchers found differences between search for social support, flight-avoidance, positive reassessment, situational anxiety indicators in boys and girls with greater severity of average values in girls. Correlation analysis revealed both common and distinct relationships for male and female students. The following factors were identified using factor analysis: “Predictors of personal anxiety and tendency to depression,” “Constructive strategies for coping with difficult situations,” “Confrontation against situational anxiety,” characterizing features of students’ coping with depression and anxiety.