A methodological approach has been developed to identify promising sectors of business specialization in the Russian regions in order to develop specific types of digital technologies in them. The approach implementation has been evaluated in several stages. At the first stage, the leading regions have been identified in terms of growth rates of indicators characterizing the use of digital technologies in organizations for the period from 2020 to 2022. At the second stage, business specialization industries groups have been revealed in which the digital technologies development is the highest priority. It became possible thanks to the identification of “transition” groups of industries by the level of digitalization. The leading regions in terms of the use of digital technologies in organizations depending on the growth rate of the level of their dissemination have been identified. Priority sectors of business specialization have been revealed by the share of organizations using digital technologies. In particular, it has been found that wholesale and retail trade, as well as the information technology industry have the potential for the spread of technologies for collecting, processing, and analyzing big data. The manufacturing industry, wholesale and retail trade, and information technologies have the potential to spread digital platforms.

Digital maturity level determines the ability of an enterprise to quickly and effectively implement digital management tools, including in innovative activities. Increasing digital maturity is becoming a necessary task for innovative and active enterprises aimed at increasing business sustainability. Studying theoretical and methodological aspects of enterprises’ digital maturity allowed us to identify a range of current issues. Theoretical substantiation of the concept and content of an enterprise’s digital maturity has been carried out, and its key characteristics have been formed. Digital maturity assessment stages and tasks of increasing digital maturity in managing an enterprise’s innovative development have been highlighted. Methodological approaches digital maturity assessment has made it possible to form an authors’ way of organizing and managing digital maturity level. The authors recommend to create a working group and a Coordinating council for managing an enterprise’s digital maturity. The functional content of the activities of the council and its specialists at different levels has been proposed. To solve the problem of determining the time spent on managing and monitoring digital maturity, a mathematical model for time redistribution for operations has been developed. The optimization of operations complexity redistribution in monitoring an enterprise’s digital maturity has been carried out. The article concludes that effective organizational and technological management of an enterprise will open up the possibility of increasing its digital maturity level.

The purpose of the study is to clarify and supplement the theory and methodology of design, formation, and optimization of management of integrated, homogeneous, and heterogeneous flows of material, information, financial, and human resources in channels, chains, fronts, echelons, and networks of various types. The descriptor and facet classification methods and methods of analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction have been chosen as research methods, and binary matrices formed on the basis of qualitative attributes and dichotomies of objects and components of integrated logistics flows management were used as tools. The variants of business system management subjects and objects integration have been substantiated. An end-to-end classification of enterprises and relations among them, processes, and logistics operations has been developed for the purpose of digitalization of integrated logistics flows and business systems of various types. The variants of these flows have been defined and digitized, and theoretical and methodological prerequisites for modeling these flows have been created. The value of the study lies in theoretical and methodological prerequisites creation for digitalization of non-physical subjects and objects of integrated logistics flows management, as well as their integration with other physical subjects and objects in order to develop rational management decisions both at the level of links and at the level of the business system.

The current state and prospects of livestock breeding development in the Republic of Bashkortostan in the conditions of active digitalization of the agro-industrial complex have been analyzed. Despite the desire to introduce innovative technologies, the process faces a number of obstacles that require a comprehensive solution for sustainable development of the industry. The key problems have been highlighted, such as lack of a unified digital platform, low level of digital competencies, financial constraints, lack of a unified strategy, and resistance to digital transformation. Prospects for livestock farming digitalization development in the region have been considered, such as smart livestock farms development through automated systems for climate control, feeding, milking, and animal health monitoring, use of sensors and the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence application for data analysis, yield forecasting, feeding and treatment processes optimization, development of a single digital platform for information exchange between farmers, veterinary services, fodder suppliers, and other participants, and development of a single digital platform for the exchange of information among farmers, veterinary services, feed suppliers, and other stakeholders. The important role of the state and the regions in digital livestock farming development has been emphasized, including financial support, legal framework implementation, and infrastructure and research development. Emphasis has been placed on the fact that livestock breeding digitalization in the Republic of Bashkortostan has great potential for increasing efficiency and competitiveness of the industry, but its implementation requires comprehensive measures aimed at overcoming existing problems and creating favorable conditions for new technologies implementation.

The state of the woodworking industry sectoral structure in Russia has been considered. The main sources for the present study were regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation, statistical data of the Federal Forestry Agency, Federal State Statistics Service, international analytical reviews, and scientific articles. Statistical methods of comparison and analytical processing of information were used as research methods. The purpose of the study is to analyze the industry structure, as well as to identify development prospects. The number of firms in the industry and production of the main types of woodworking products in dynamics have been analyzed. The export of goods from various branches of the wood industry in the country and the index of physical volume of investment in fixed capital in the industry under consideration have been studied. The issue of waste utilization in wood processing industries due to low utilization of waste wood has been separately highlighted, and the importance of reasonable use of forest resources has been emphasized. The author concludes that, in general, the real contribution of the woodworking industry to the country’s economic development is still lagging behind the potential, but the main prospects for overcoming this condition have been highlighted, such as exports development, transportation costs reduction, state support strengthening in the industry, and improvement of waste disposal in woodworking industries.

The activities of the leading international credit rating agencies Standard&Poor’s (S&P), Moody’s and Fitch, peculiarities of their work and existing differences have been considered. The relevance of the study lies in the comparative characterization of the listed agencies in the current conditions of the anti-Russian sanctions expansion and their strengthening after the beginning of the special military operation in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to compare the activities of the world’s leading rating agencies S&P, Moody’s and Fitch in modern conditions. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of these agencies’ activities and changes that have occurred in the conditions of the anti-Russian sanctions. To achieve the set goal the following tasks have been set: the leading credit rating agencies’ activities analysis, comparison of their methodological approaches and the scales used to assess the credit rating of countries. The conclusions about the place and important role of international credit rating agencies in the modern world financial system, differences in the assessments made by the agencies, the specific attitude of S&P, Moody’s and Fitch to the credit rating of Russia in the current conditions of the anti-Russian sanctions expansion and the special military operation have been presented.

In modern world, digital economy affects all aspects of commercial activity, and successful application of digital innovations is becoming a key factor in companies’ competitiveness. Commercial organizations in their activities use software tools and the Internet, which significantly expands their opportunities for successful development. The key factors of effective commercial activity in the context of the rapid development of digital economy have been highlighted. Referring to the statistical data of the Federal State Statistics Service, the authors analyzed the trends in information technologies implementation in Russian economy. Special attention has been paid to reviewing the main difficulties that Russian companies face when trying to integrate modern digital solutions into their operations. Recommendations have been given on digitalization of key components of commercial activities, including customer services automation, e-commerce, digital supply chain management, big data analytics to optimize business strategies, and online marketing. The study is supported by the examples of specific tools and techniques that have already shown their effectiveness in practice for Russian companies adapting to digital economy. The research is based on the system and process approaches.

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that, despite the difficult economic and political situation for the Russian industry and the economy as a whole, there are problems not only with the arrival of foreign raw materials and goods in the domestic market, but also with the smooth operation of industry. It is necessary to develop and form new, more essential approaches to the industrial development strategy in the conditions of forced modernization of the industry. The factors that have the greatest and the least influence on the business activity of enterprises have been identified. The directions for forming new ways of domestic industry effective development through assessing the entrepreneurial confidence index on the part of enterprises of extractive and manufacturing industries have been analyzed. As the index evaluation result, the author concludes that the level of enterprises’ business activity has jumping values, in the course of which the factors that have a negative impact on industrial production development have been identified.

The article studies the issues related to the problem of sharing by two beneficiaries of a resource with a set of indivisible components. Several types of sharing that consider “envy” and realize it, including through compensatory payments to the beneficiary who does not get the corresponding indivisible component of the resource, have been noted. The difference between the values of possible bonuses at different types of sharing, which are received in addition to the values declared by the beneficiaries, and indivisible components when they are evaluated, has been determined. It has been found in which case it is more favorable for the beneficiary if “envy” is not considered, and vice versa. The method of setting the degree of preference of considering “envy” in the course of distribution of resource components has been proposed, assuming a preliminary agreement of beneficiaries on the use of this method. The result of using it has been analyzed, based on which recommendations to the beneficiaries are formulated, implying additional awareness not covered in the present study. In order to circumvent the issue of uninformedness, indications of one option of its solution have been presented, which can be considered also as possible future directions of research of stochastic nature.

Oil is one of the significant energy resources for the majority of the world’s states, so many of them monitor and analyze the price of black gold. Currently, there are such organizations of oil exporting countries as OPEC and OPEC+, which for a long time continue to influence not only the world market of this energy resource but also the events taking place in the economic and political spheres of the world. These organizations’ actions have a direct impact on market conditions, policy making, oil price, and the volume of its supply on the market in world trade. The collective responsibility of the member countries for a significant portion of global oil production makes the decisions and actions of OPEC and OPEC+ extremely important for the global oil industry and the economy as a whole. All the above-mentioned points to the relevance of the topic of the study, the objectives of which are to analyze the history of the emergence of the oil exporting countries’ organizations, the dynamics of their development during the history of their existence, as well as to assess the degree of their influence on the oil industry and the global economy as a whole.

The paper assesses the level of debt load on sustainable and effective development of the Russian regions under the conditions of sanctions, restrictions, and unstable economic situation. The authors of the study faced the following tasks: to conduct a comparative assessment of regional sustainable development and debt load, to consider the directions for effective management of the load as an element of economic security of the constituent entities, as well as to analyze the economic essence and peculiarities of formation of the Russian regions’ public debt. Various approaches of theoretical and practical plan to the study of the subject of the research have been evaluated and used. The methods and techniques that influence the level of debt load on sustainable development of the constituent entities through the use and application of various innovative technologies, methods, techniques, etc. at the current stage of economic development of the country have been considered and evaluated. The conducted research results can be applied when developing effective directions to reduce the debt load as a factor that affects the regional sustainable development.

The relevance of the research topic lies in the fact that the customs procedure of processing in the customs territory, which allows the use of imported goods in products manufacture for export without paying customs duties and taxes, becomes the object of close attention of foreign economic activity participants, causing both a high level of interest from the economic point of view and certain difficulties associated with its application in foreign trade. The purpose of the study is to conduct an economic and statistical analysis of the application of the customs procedure of processing in the customs territory and to propose ways to improve it. The tasks to achieve the goal were: analyzing the theoretical and legal foundations of the customs procedure application, analyzing its application, identifying the customs control stages over its application, identifying problematic aspects in its use, and proposing ways to solve them. When performing the tasks, the following general scientific methods were used: observation, induction and deduction, and collection and analysis of statistical data. As the study result, conclusions have been formulated based on the results of economic and statistical analysis of the application of the customs procedure of processing in the customs territory, the customs control stages over its application have been identified, the directions in which problems arise in the procedure application have been revealed, and proposals for their solution have been developed.

Dynamics of economic relations development among Russia and African countries in the beginning of the 21st century has been analyzed. At that time there was the economic relations strengthening among Russia and African countries, which was caused by several factors: 1) the interest of Russian companies in the resource potential of Africa; 2) the support of the Government of the Russian Federation for the export of goods and services to African countries; 3) the growth of trade among Russia and African countries; 4) the increase in investments of Russian companies in African countries. At the beginning of the 21st century, Russia and African countries strengthened their cooperation in the economic sphere. It had a positive impact on both sides, contributing to African countries development and Russian companies’ expansion in this market, and strengthening regional stability. Acting on the dual front of bilateral diplomacy and multilateralism, Russia, through the BRICS forum, must find its place on the continent. Central Africa has strengthened its economic relations with China, India, and Brazil while developing its own activities on the continent.

The energy mode concept, has been characterized. Energy patterns types, history of their formation and development have been summarized. The prerequisites for forming a new energy mode based on the increasing share of renewable energy sources and hydrogen raw materials in the energy production structure have been highlighted. The change of the energy structure will take place in the coming decades. The following scientific methods of research were used in the paper: literature analysis and analysis of statistical data. Data for the period from 1965 to 2022 were used. The purpose of the study is to identify the role of the energy crisis of 2021–2022 as a factor contributing to a new energy structure formation that will be implemented in the coming decades. The subject of the study is to analyze and evaluate the change of the energy pattern in the international energy market, and the object of the study is the world energy market.

The key changes observed in modern international trade in agricultural products have been analyzed from the position of assessing the challenges faced by agricultural markets in recent years. The features of the agro-industrial products international trade evolution have been considered, the main trends and changes in global production and consumption have been assessed, and medium-term development prospects have been defined. The world land fund transformation due to international trade development, which has become significantly diversified, has been shown, and the preservation of differentiation among net exporters and net importers of agricultural products has been noted. The changes in the world production and consumption of agricultural commodities formulated in the course of the study have become the key trigger for modernization of the global architecture of international trade. It has been shown that it will remain a key factor in the further development of agricultural production, but the process achieved in exports and imports liberalization is significant in terms of ensuring food security of the least developed importing countries. It has also been found that world agricultural commodity prices will stabilize in the medium term, which is an important factor in the food security of developing countries.

The features of the main flexibility mechanisms, limitations to their application, and price characteristics have been considered. The advantages of equipping RES-based generation with energy storage devices have been noted. Investment and operating costs of a storage device for 60 kW capacity and their ratio with the corresponding costs of solar power plants have been analyzed. On the basis of model calculations, the change in the levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) when a solar power plant is supplemented with a storage device has been estimated. It has been shown that equipping a solar power plant with an accumulator, despite high capital costs, will lead to an increase in the electricity cost on average for the entire period of operation by only 3–17 % due to the expected increase in utilization and volume of electricity production, as well as the projected decrease in the cost of accumulators. At the same time, a significant increase in the energy system stability will be ensured. It has been noted that it is necessary to tighten the requirements for the installed capacity utilization rates of power plants and to give priority to projects with storage facilities in the competitive selection of RES generation under capacity supply contract programs.

The relevance of the study is conditioned by such directions, which in the last few years have a significant impact on the level of innovative development of regional socio-economic systems, as well as the need for analysis, which allows timely identification of factors that negatively affect regional systems. The level of uneven development of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation has been assessed, considering historical traditions, which have a significant impact on economic potential and interrelations with international communities in the context of the regional policy of the state. In this regard, the topic of the study is aimed at analyzing the current situation and trends in the field of innovative development of Russia’s regional economic systems. The essence of the conducted research is reduced to the study of materials of economists who considered the ways and mechanisms of analysis of the current situation and trends in the field of innovative development of the country’s regional economic systems, considering the level of development of the constituent entities’ economy, which in recent years is modernizing even in the conditions of severe restrictions and imposed sanctions. The regional socio-economic systems and various methods of its realization have been assessed.

The purpose of the study is to examine the role and importance of this tax when forming revenues of consolidated budgets of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation in the context of federal districts, and its impact on the formation of indicators characterizing the social sphere, as well as to analyze the positive foreign experience of personal income taxation. The general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis, generalization, grouping, comparison, tabular, etc.) were used. The study is based on official data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation. It has been established that personal income tax fulfills its fiscal function, and it is the main source of income of local budgets and regions. As for the social function, it is currently lost. It is reflected in the following: in four federal districts, where about half of the country’s population lives, wages are below the average Russian level; the coefficients of funds and Gini coefficient are not improving; deductions and benefits on personal income tax do not fulfill the social function, social justice is not ensured, and social stratification of society is increasing. In the context of the current unfavorable demographic situation and external challenges due to Western sanctions, it is necessary to strengthen motivation to work, considering foreign positive experience to introduce a real and workable progressive scale of personal income taxation.

In the article the focus of the research interest is directed to the advantages and limitations of work at university as assessed by scientific and pedagogical employees. The empirical study was conducted using the semi-structured interview method with 145 scientific and pedagogical employees from 7 leading Russian universities. The classification of strengths (advantages) and weaknesses (disadvantages) of working at university has been formed, which are combined on the following grounds: organizational and managerial, social and academic, financial and economic, and territorial and infrastructural. Advantages of working at university: favorable conditions for academic development; stable team of professionals and comfortable working atmosphere; lack of inertia and routine of the labor process; developed material and technical base and formed infrastructure of university; job stability and social guarantees. Disadvantages of working at university: high workload, which leads to emotional overwork and lower quality of work; bureaucratic procedures distract from the main work; lack of desired support from the management. Comprehensive work of university management, aimed at the systemic development of personnel policy, will eliminate the above- mentioned shortcomings and ensure the reduction of their occurrence risk. The obtained results of the sociological research can be used in practical work and in justification of managerial decision-making by top management in universities, can be useful to other stakeholders such as scientific and pedagogical employees, graduate students, and young people oriented to employment in higher education institutions and building an academic career.

The article substantiates the relevance of studying the socio-psychological determinants of sensitivity to justice in Russian youth with different levels of wealth. The sensitivity to justice concept itself has been revealed, its structure presented and its evolution shown; the wealth concept has been given. Four roles that a person can occupy in situations subjectively perceived as unfair (a ‘victim’ – the injustice is committed towards them; a ‘witness’ – they observe injustice towards another people; a ‘beneficiary’ – a person benefits from the situation of injustice towards another one; a ‘violator’ – they act unfairly) have been characterized. A review of domestic and foreign studies of the relationship among sensitivity to justice and other personality characteristics, carried out over the past five years on various samples, has been given. Prospects for research into various aspects of this scientific problem, including cross-cultural differences, have been shown. Sensitivity to justice in modern social psychology is characterized as a relatively independent personality trait, but its socio-psychological determination is poorly studied. The model of empirical research of socio-psychological determinants of sensitivity to justice in youth with different levels of wealth has been presented.

The present article studies the issue of using subject Olympiads in higher education institutions for effective training of managerial personnel on the example of the intra-university Olympiad in English language, held in November 2023 at the State University of Management. The quantitative and qualitative composition of participants by training areas and educational programs has been studied, sociological and didactic and methodological aspects of the Olympiad have been highlighted, individual tasks descriptions have been given, demonstrating their high practice-orientedness and relevance. The article concludes that participation in subject university Olympiads stimulates the interest of students of management specialties to the subject of study and increases their competence level. The competitive nature of the Olympiads contributes to a more successful subsequent adaptation of students to a highly competitive professional environment, creating conditions of healthy competition. Conducting subject competitions in universities solves the problems facing the system of higher education in terms of forming a creative educational environment that meets the challenges of the time, and training management specialists capable of effectively solving professional problems against the background of constantly changing economic and political situation in a tough external and internal environment.

The article studies social factors that determine the features of transformation of professional-labor self-concept in students with musculoskeletal disabilities studying under inclusive conditions in organizations of secondary vocational and higher education. The study was carried out on a sample of 106 students with musculoskeletal disorders of final years of educational organizations, in whom positive, negative, and neutral forms of transformation were recorded during the study. It has been revealed that in the group of students characterized by positive changes in professional and personal development during education and professional training, the transition of maladaptive forms of professional and labor self-concept into adaptive ones that allow them to achieve success in professional development, the majority of them are those who have an extensive network of social contacts, including friends with disabilities, classmates, and other people without any disabilities, teachers, and professors who give them the opportunity to develop their professional self-concept. In this group, most students have high rates of satisfaction of basic psychological needs for autonomy, social contacts, and competence, whereas in the group of students characterized by negative transformation of professional and labor self-concept, many identify themselves only with the social group of disabled people, feel alienated from the outside world with excessively high rates of satisfaction of basic psychological needs, which demonstrates their helplessness and deprivation of conditions of their professional and personal development.

The influence of mother-daughter relationships on how women build romantic relationships in Vietnam and Russia has been studied. Children often imitate their parents in their thoughts and behaviors, so mothers have an important influence on the process of shaping daughters’ interaction with the environment. The relationship between mother and daughter represents the help daughter receives from her mother and daughter’s appreciation for her mother. Two techniques were used in the research process: “Questionnaire for determining the type of attachment to mother” by M.V. Yaremchuk and “Trent relationship scales” by E. Scharfe. Attachment in relationships with mothers has a similar vector in romantic relationships. Thus, negative attachment in relationships with mothers leads to negative attachment in romantic relationships, while positive attachment in relationships with mothers leads to positive attachment in romantic relationships. It has been revealed that Russian women have more positive relationships with their mothers than Vietnamese women, which leads them to build more positive romantic relationships.

Personality-psychological aspects influencing an individual’s economic behavior have been studied. It has been analyzed how cognitive abilities and personality characteristics influence the decision-making process under uncertainty. Theoretical concepts and empirical studies proving the significance of subjective and unconscious factors, such as emotions, biases, and risk perception, when forming complex patterns of economic behavior have been considered. The information processing mechanisms and decision-making stages in the context of economic activity have been considered. It has been demonstrated that psychological factors play a key role in investment and consumer decisions. It has been emphasized that the process of making economic decisions, such as choosing a production object, pricing policy, use of technology, taxation system, consumer choice, and investment, has its own specifics. The importance of considering general psychological regularities, a manager’s personal characteristics, risk management, and a systematic approach application has been studied. Special attention has been paid to the importance of subjective and unconscious phenomena, such as prejudices and stereotypes, which predetermine complex behavioral patterns of the economic sphere subjects. The study of these factors presents a prospect for further research in the field of psychology and economics, contributing to a deeper understanding of decision-making mechanisms and effective strategies development in economic activity management.

The purpose of the study is to reveal the relationship between certain motives of professional activity of chess coaches and the level of their emotional and professional burnout. On the basis of the theoretical analysis results it has been suggested that professional motivation of coaches, which is based on the desire to achieve high sports results of their students, in the absence of such results is one of the dominant factors of the growing latent emotional tension and dissatisfaction with their professional activity. Verification of the put forward hypothesis was carried out on the research sample of 118 coaches and teachers, whose experience of professional activity in chess sections and clubs was from two to 30 years. The research was carried out with the help of methods oriented on revealing the needs and motives of professional activity, as well as accumulated emotional-energetic charges and professional burnout. It has been revealed that the majority of chess coaches and teachers are focused on achieving high sports results of their students, but not on their general mental and intellectual development, that in the absence of such results workers have latent emotional tension, which leads to emergence and development of professional deformations of their personality, devaluation of their professional activity, and tendency to underestimate the importance of their work. In order to achieve the priority goals of chess education development in Russia it is necessary to reorient chess coaches from the position of the value of competitive results to the value of their students’ development.