Improving police organizational structure in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam communes is a strategically important task that requires focused and serious implementation. This process proposes new units creation and new supervisors appointment. In some cases, newly appointed supervisors will be transferred to newly created units. It will help a supervisor to be more proactive in building a management strategy without having to overcome the negative effects left by the previous supervisors. Executives face huge challenges in managerial adaptation and organizing collaborative activities and team building. In particular, they may face challenges such as creating everything from scratch in the face of high workloads and tensions and the constant potential risk of failure. The issues that newly appointed supervisors in new units of the police system in the Socialist Republic of Vietnam communes need to pay attention to in order to meet modern requirements and challenges have been analyzed. The ways of solving the analyzed issues and recommendations of the directions of a supervisor’s activity to improve the quality of performance of new units of the commune police have been proposed.

The current problematic aspects of the functioning of the management model of the Russian Federation state bodies, based on the management principles, have been studied. The purpose of the study is to analyze the problem situations in the process of using the bureaucratic style of management based on hierarchical relations, as well as the advantages of the proposed integrative model. The relevance of the topic is conditioned by the necessity to improve the management system in customs authorities in order to improve the service environment and transition to a client-centered state. The main objectives of the research are to identify the shortcomings of the existing model of management in the state customs authorities, the interrelation of such shortcomings, and the process of rendering state customs services, as well as to propose possible options for their elimination. Both theoretical (analysis of the current legal and regulatory framework, as well as scientific works) and empirical (practical substantiation of the need to improve the functioning bureaucratic style of management in state customs authorities) methods of research were used. Based on the analysis of the existing model of management in the customs authorities system, the advantages and significant shortcomings have been revealed. The study results are the identification of issues in the functioning of the hierarchical management model, which has a negative impact on the activities in the state customs authorities services sphere, and the proposal to integrate the existing management model with the marketing model.

In modern conditions, the Russian financial technology sector is experiencing an urgent need to eliminate dependence on foreign technologies both in the field of software and in the field of design solutions and hardware. Russian developers have already started activities in this direction, but there are still a large number of unresolved issues that hamper the FinTech sector development. The purpose of the study is to analyze the issues and prospects for domestic information technologies implementation in FinTech. Research methods are analysis and synthesis, scientific abstraction, and processing of an array of Russian authors’ publications in the field of the information technology industry development in the FinTech sector. The material hsd been considered on the basis of large Russian banks cases. The study concludes that the main direction of import substitution in the field of FinTech solutions is the creation of domestic software and reliable and competitive hardware. Those companies that already have positive experience in this area should replicate it, developing and strengthening the domestic information technology industry. In this case, it is necessary to be guided not only by economic effects, but also by social ones. Solving the issue of dependence on foreign software is a matter of competitiveness of the country’s economic system and, consequently, of individual business entities.

Intellectual capital as a driving force of innovation economy proves the importance of the human resources quality in added value creation. The relevance of the research topic lies in the attempt to position intellectual capital in the situation of mismatch between the interests of a state and an individual in ensuring their security. The purpose of the study is to show the change in the intellectual capital position in ensuring personal and national security by methods of analysis and synthesis of concepts, processes, and phenomena. Ensuring a state’s national security includes scientific, technical, and technological components and search for talents for human potential development in order to realize state interests through ensuring the interests and needs of an individual. By pulling intellectual capital to its side, a state ensures effective development of national economy by increasing human potential and innovative leadership in international competition and forming new rules in the world from the soft power position. The presented results demonstrate that personal security, which was initially built on ensuring physical protection of an individual and the right to property, has gradually transformed into ensuring an individual’s rights in their abilities development. Ensuring an individual’s interests can be qualitatively improved with their intellectual potential development. In the struggle for creative abilities realization, not the state, but an individual begins to choose the conditions of personal security. In this regard, there is an increase in a state’s interest in the sphere of forming and incrementing human creative abilities for a state’s innovation capital growth.

Modern conditions affecting regional social and economic systems development have been studied, which acquire a special significance and role for import substitution innovation centers creation. These centers will strengthen technological independence and stimulate innovation in automotive components production, which will contribute to a more successful regional economic systems development. The relevance of the topic and the purpose of the study is to assess the role of import substitution innovation centers in strengthening technological independence and stimulating innovation in automotive components production. The subject of the study is organizational and economic relations arising in implementation of import substitution innovation centers in strengthening technological independence and stimulating innovation in automotive components production. Common scientific methods were used, including comparative analysis and interdependencies identification. The leading approach to the study is the theoretical approaches assessment that promote practical implementation of import substitution in automotive components production through innovation centers in Russian regional systems. Based on the scientists’ works it has been concluded that the process of creating innovation centers for import substitution helps to solve one of the key tasks facing the state, in particular, providing the market with domestic goods that replace import.

The purpose of the study is to find and develop approaches to an innovation-oriented team formation. The general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis, and scientific abstraction were applied. Under the conditions of constraints, the fast-growing companies sector makes a significant contribution to a country’s economic growth by creating strong and breakthrough innovation. The special role of a project team as a powerful innovation resource and competitive advantage of a fast-growing company has been outlined. Innovative teams identification among a multitude of project initiative groups is an important factor of a fast-growing organization efficiency. From the point of view of practice and management science, the issue of finding approaches to forming and developing innovative project teams in high-growth companies has been formulated. The key characteristics of an innovative project team, which are related to its activity on creating and implementing innovations, have been identified and analyzed. High flexibility and adaptability, creative potential presence, synergistic thinking, willingness to risk, and distributed leadership are profile characteristics of an innovative project team, the formation and development of which contributes to innovation activity and growth of a company. The profile of an innovation-oriented project team in a fast-growing company has been proposed as an impulse and functional scope of its effectiveness. Examples of innovation-oriented project teams from the practice of fast-growing companies have been presented. The study results can be used in organizations of various types of activities to develop effective strategies, policies, and practices of human resource management in project activities.

The ambassadorship phenomenon as a marketing strategy aimed at brand value management has been studied. The purpose of the study is to analyze ambassadorship as an effective strategy for brand value management. Research objectives are to study the ambassadorship concept, its periodization and key stages of its evolution from the use of celebrities to introducing microinfluencers and virtual ambassadors, to identify trends in ambassadorship development considering the generations theory, and to confirm ambassadorship as an emotionally attractive format of interaction with a brand for its audience. The research methodology is based on the analysis of existing theoretical sources on marketing strategies and digital trends, as well as on empirical data obtained by the survey method regarding the understanding and development of ambassadorship by representatives of different generations such as X’s, Millennials and Homelanders (Zoomers). It has been revealed that each stage of ambassadorship development reflects changes in technology and consumer behavior of their target audience, which allows brands to adapt approaches to increase brand value, customer loyalty, and competitiveness of the company. It has been found that modern ambassadorship as a strategy allows brands to achieve more authentic and personalized interactions with their target audience. It has been revealed that thanks to ambassadorship brands adjust their strategy to young and very young audience. The area of the study results application is marketing strategies of companies focused on effective interaction with their target audience through digital platforms. The research prospects include studying the impact of artificial intelligence and augmented reality on ambassadorship development, as well as analyzing the long-term effectiveness of ambassadorship in various business spheres.

The process of implementing corporate information systems in companies has been studied, and the associated risks have been analyzed and systematized. A detailed analysis of the stages of corporate information systems implementation in the modern digital management environment allowed to identify the key risks arising at various stages of this process. A detailed systematization of this type of risks has been carried out, a register has been compiled. Technical, financial, organizational, legal, social, and operational risks of implementing corporate information systems have been identified and studied. Qualitative analysis of identified risks has been performed on the basis of experts’ survey. Assessments of probability of their occurrence and the scale of possible consequences have been given, and a risk map has been built. The most significant risks arising in corporate information systems implementation are technical and organizational risks. The ways of the identified risks minimization have been outlined. Identification, systematization, and qualitative analysis of corporate information systems implementation risks are the basis for further quantitative assessments, as well as the development of a set of measures to manage this type of risks and their reduction. The study results application will help to improve the efficiency of implementation and functioning of corporate information systems at enterprises.

The key aspects of contractual relations in the oil and gas complex, which plays a crucial role in Russian economy, have been analyzed. The specifics of contractual relations in the oil and gas complex have been considered, due to the high level of capital intensity, long duration of project implementation, and a significant degree of government regulation. Special attention has been paid to the contracts classification (from contracts for exploration and production to agreements for transportation, infrastructure construction, and purchase and sale of oil and gas). Legal aspects of regulating contractual relations in the oil and gas sector, including state licensing, international law influence, as well as environmental and antitrust restrictions, have been examined. No less important issue related to the risk distribution mechanisms and parties’ responsibility, including the main risks in contractual relations and contract enforcement mechanisms, has been touched upon. The main types of risks have been given, including geological, technical, financial, economic, legal, and political, and practical recommendations for their minimization have been offered. Multistage dispute resolution mechanisms, including pre-trial regulation, mediation, and arbitration, which ensures stability and predictability of relations among market participants, have been studied.

Independent audit role as an instrument of external independent procedure, involved in the general mechanism of financial control, in identifying threats and challenges to economic security in developer companies specializing in residential construction operating has been studied. On the basis of open data, the indicators of the industry’s state have been analyzed. Attention has been emphasized on the peculiarities of economic security of companies in the housing construction industry, considering the specifics of production and operational cycle. Theoretical components of classification of threats, elements, and risks of economic security of companies the housing construction sphere have been considered. The main difficulties faced by an audit team in the process of accounting (financial) statements verification in such companies have been outlined. The fundamental theses that consolidate independent audit role in the process of identifying and classifying threats to economic security have been substantiated. Scientific novelty of the study results lies in the proposed project and process approach (A.A. Azizov), which sublimates the destructive effects of economic, managerial, and control and supervisory environments of developers specializing in housing construction, and is aimed at creating conditions that help achieving target indicators of national and federal projects to create a comfortable and safe environment for citizens. A risk map has been proposed, which will serve as a scientific imperative of technological tools in determining the strategy of financial and economic activity audit and procedures for identifying threats to developers’ economic security.

The purpose of the study is to identify a set of regional sustainability determinants in the form of the mining and metallurgical companies’ activities and the degree of their impact on the economic, social, and environmental condition of territories. Mining and metallurgical complexes contribute to meeting the needs of regional community, while creating environmental risks and natural resources exhaustion threats. To neutralize the negative impact of their activities on nature and society, Russian mining and metallurgical companies use environmental and climate strategies and follow the course for green metallurgy development using environmentally friendly and low-carbon technologies. A comprehensive study of internal and external effects of mining and metallurgical companies allowed to identify the vectors forming economic, social, and environmental sectors of regional systems. The directions and priorities of the mining and metallurgical complex activities have been identified. Their relationship with regional sustainable development has been established. The substantiated methodology based on the matrix approach allowed us to identify the leading components and drivers of territorial progress. The matrix of the impact of mining and metallurgical complexes on spatial sustainable development provides an opportunity for systemic and structural representation of all constituent components and elements with the specification of their contribution to the overall economic, social, and environmental result.

Based on the author’s experience in applying project management methodologies at enterprises in various industries, a brief overview of current project management methodologies has been given in terms of historical background, as well as key concepts related to one or another of the most commonly used approaches. Attention has been paid to forming programs and project portfolios, and their unique distinguishing features have been briefly presented. As a current scientific publications analysis result, the key definitions of the enterprise architecture term have been given, as well as a brief overview of the most popular methodologies for designing enterprise architectures, including the main distinguishing features presentation. In the context of the project life cycle, a comparison with the two most popular enterprise architecture design methodologies has been given. Based on conceptually similar approaches in both project management methodology and enterprise architecture design, an architectural model of project, program, and portfolio management has been introduced (visualized). On the basis of the conducted research of modern methodologies of architectural design the stages of project (program, portfolio) architecture development and implementation have been proposed. The project (program, portfolio) architecture term interpretation has been formalized.

The issue of defining the elements of educational services marketing has been considered. The purpose of the study is aimed at identifying these elements in the context of marketing capital formation in a higher education institution. The available approaches to understanding educational services marketing have been analyzed. The key components of this complex have been defined using the 7P model. A number of general scientific theoretical methods as well as the general method of critical analysis have been chosen as the research method. The analysis has been carried out on the basis of available digital resources of a number of domestic and foreign universities. The key results of the study have been presented in the conclusions concerning the analysis of the elements of educational services marketing and in the definition of the elements of higher education institutions marketing in the digital economy. Marketing aspects of higher education institutions brand promotion and possible communication channels have been highlighted. Mistakes in higher education institution promotion have been outlined. Modern tools of university promotion have been studied, including Influence marketing and attraction of ambassadors. The practical significance of the conducted research lies in the possibility of applying the available results in order to improve the effectiveness of the formed brands of universities, including foreign ones. Further research can be related to the branding activities specifics definition in the context of marketing capital formation in university. Organization promotion implies the work on forming brand, brand platform, identity, positioning, and marketing elements.

The role of marketing in modern automobile industry, methods of determining consumer properties of vehicles at various stages of development, as well as marketing research integration into the process of creating new models of vehicles have been studied. A comprehensive study of marketing methods used in the automotive industry to identify and evaluate consumer properties of vehicles has been carried out. Marketing tools integration into the process of vehicle development at different stages from segment selection to production model release has been analyzed. The methods of system analysis, comparative analysis, as well as generalization of leading automakers’ practical experience were applied. The main methods of determining consumer properties of vehicles have been analyzed, including comparative analysis with competitors, conducting focus groups, using the car clinic method, and organizing consumer test drives. The key consumer properties of vehicles from the marketing point of view have been identified. Effective application of marketing methods at all stages of vehicle development allows to create products that maximally meet consumers’ expectations. The key factors of success are continuous market analysis, close interaction of marketers with design engineers and designers, as well as flexibility in adapting the characteristics of a developed vehicle to the changing preferences of the target audience.

In today’s rapidly changing global economic landscape, the pursuit to human well-being emerges as one of the most important goals. Despite the progress made in the field of sustainable development, significant gaps remain in well-being measurement and understanding, including defining well-being factors and interrelationship of different determinants. The subjective wellbeing level in different countries has been compared, and the factors influencing its achievement have been studied. A review of theoretical and methodological approaches to the study and measurement of human well-being has been presented, and the conceptual framework of modern well-being factors has been described. A comprehensive interpretation of a set of subjective human well-being determinants including social aspects, economic, environmental, political, and numerical factors has been presented. Statistical methods of analyzing panel data for 38 European and 23 Asian countries in the period from 2013 to 2022 were used for empirical analysis. As a result, considering the specifics of the European and Asian regions, the key significant interrelationships of the factors and the level of subjective well-being in different groups of countries have been identified.

An innovative trend in the energy sector such as virtual power plants (hereinafter referred to as VPPs) opens new horizons for modernization of the industry. This technology not only meets modern requirements for flexibility and sustainability of power systems, but also contributes to their more efficient integration. By consolidating distributed energy resources, VPPs contribute to grid reliability and economic efficiency. Despite the obvious advantages, VPPs integration into existing energy markets is fraught with serious obstacles. The key issue remains in the lack of an adequate regulatory framework that can consider the specific features of these innovative systems. This fact dictates an urgent need for developing innovative approaches to VPPs regulation. The study aims to identify and examine in detail the potential application of VPPs in modern energy sites. The methodological basis is a comprehensive STEEP analysis covering social, technological, environmental, economic, and political aspects of virtual power plants. This toolkit allows for a comprehensive assessment of both the challenges and potential benefits of implementing VPPs. The need to create a favorable environment for VPPs development through forming appropriate political and regulatory infrastructure has been established. Only a comprehensive approach, considering all aspects of STEEP analysis, can ensure full realization of virtual power plants potential in modern energy sector.

The conceptual foundations of information support of enterprises’ activities in the economic security sphere, which is a system of interrelated principles, methods, and tools aimed at creating, processing, and analyzing information necessary for making informed decisions in the economic security sphere have been formulated. The issue has been considered from the position of dynamically changing economic environment since information becomes one of the main resources, and its adequate provision allows not only to minimize risks, but also to identify new opportunities for growth and development. In the context of globalization and rapid development of information technologies, economic systems face new challenges and threats that require a comprehensive approach to ensuring their security. Economic security, being a key element of sustainable development, requires not only protection from external and internal risks, but also effective management of information flows, which play a central role in the modern economic systems functioning. The results of the study of key aspects of the information support conceptual foundations, including methodological approaches, modern technologies and tools, as well as their impact on strategic planning and management in the economic security sphere, have been reflected. The material presentation is considered both from the position of theoretical substantiation and from the position of realization of practical aspects of the issue, which allowed to create a holistic view of the role of information in ensuring economic security and identify areas for further research.

Special attention is paid to the Russian transportation and logistics infrastructure development. The speed of commodity flows reorientation to southern and eastern directions depends on the efficiency and effectiveness of its activity. The existing logistical limitations on the throughput capacity of seaports and port areas reduce the transportation process efficiency and slow down export-import operations. Dry ports as a relatively new element of transport and logistics infrastructure could significantly overcome these limitations through implementing intermodal and multimodal transportation of resources and goods in international trade. The importance of dry ports is actualized by their potential role in developing new transport corridors linking Russia with “friendly” countries. Theoretical approaches to the dry port definition in the world practice have been considered. The main features of dry ports and their functions within the framework of transport and logistics infrastructure have been defined. The main technical, organizational, and economic requirements for dry ports in modern conditions have been analyzed. The advantages and risks of using dry ports for economic entities and the country’s economy as a whole have been identified. The experience of creating new dry ports in Russia and the prospects of their development within the framework of international transport corridors have been considered.

The methodological approach to assessing the level of regional economic system balance (hereinafter referred to as RES), based on the principles of sustainability and stability of the key subjects of regional economy. Public authorities, business entities, and scientific and research organizations have been identified as the main participants of RES. Particular attention has been paid to the interrelationship of government decisions stability and business development indicators, as well as the role of science and innovation in ensuring sustainable growth of regional economy. The system of quantitative indicators and coefficients reflecting the stability of activity of various spheres of economy such as industrial production (KPR), small and medium entrepreneurship (KMS), innovation activity and technological development (KIT), as well as retail trade (KRT) has been proposed. On the basis of these indicators, the level of RES balance in three gradations (high, medium, and low levels) has been assessed. It allows us to promptly identify imbalances in individual sectors of regional economy. The calculated coefficients have been compared with the data on the constituent entities of the Russian Federation grouped by federal districts. The results of the analysis of the dynamics of key economic spheres development in the context of Russian regions have been presented, and the stable and unstable components of the RES have been identified. The algorithm for assessing the level of balance has been described, including the collection and analysis of statistical data, coefficients calculation and interpretation, and managerial decisions development based on the analysis results. The developed methodology makes it possible to conduct an objective and comprehensive assessment of the balance of the RES balance, identify problem areas, and form targeted economic policy measures to improve regional sustainability and competitiveness.

Based on the analysis of current trends in the investment and construction sector, a study of strategies and measures that contribute to business sustainable development in this sector has been carried out. The purpose of the study is to identify the key factors affecting the efficiency of investment activities and project management in the construction industry. The main issue under consideration is the need to optimize project management and improve investment efficiency in a volatile market environment. Key findings covering risk management strategies, project financing, and innovative approaches in construction have been presented. The research methodology includes a review of contemporary academic sources, case studies analysis, and the authors’ own observations. Specific management strategies that facilitate acceptance and management of risks affecting an organization have been described. The main schemes of financing investment and construction projects have been listed. Tools that allow optimizing capital management systems have been considered. It has been analyzed how innovative approaches can transform the construction industry, ensuring its sustainable development and competitiveness in a rapidly changing market. The benefits of implementing innovative solutions in investment and construction projects have been indicated. The conclusions emphasize the importance of integrating the principles of sustainable development into business strategies, as well as outline directions for further research in the area.

Normal functioning of any industrial enterprise significantly depends on the technical equipment of production. Low investment activity of economic entities, which in recent years contributed to a high degree of physical and moral depreciation of fixed assets, in the conditions of reduced opportunities for public investment due to the sanctions, limited credit availability, and high rates of the Bank of Russia strengthen the role and importance of own sources of economic entities in fixed assets reproduction process. The relevance of the issue increases in conditions of high level of fixed assets depreciation in commercial organizations and reduction of fixed assets renewal ratio. The subject of the study is the regional depreciation policy assessment. The purpose of the study is to identify the directions and possibilities of effective amortization policy to ensure fixed assets reproduction. Such research methods as analysis and synthesis, grouping, generalization, comparison, tabular, etc. were used. The present study is based on the official data of the Federal State Statistics Service and the Federal Tax Service. It has been established that the regions have a high degree of fixed assets depreciation, extremely low rate of their renewal, and a small share of amortization charges in the costs. The methods of fixed assets depreciation provided for by Chapter 25 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation as investment sources formation are underused.

The issue of staff shortage in socially important sectors of Russian economy, including health care, is not new. The state adopts various mechanisms and implements projects aimed at its solution, but the efforts are insufficient. The statistics of the need for personnel in the health care sector has been analyzed as a justification for the relevance of the study. The experience of the Soviet distribution of graduates, foreign experience, and new draft laws have been studied, and proposals for updating the “old” experience considering the new realities have been formulated. The updated mechanism of the medical graduates state distribution has been proposed. Theoretical conclusions about the necessity of introducing the socially important specialties concept into the law enforcement turnover have been formulated, and the author’s definition has been given. The comparative analysis of the existing mechanisms of providing the labor market with qualified specialists (target training) with the proposed order of distribution has been carried out, and the advantages of the latter and the disadvantages of the existing one have been shown. Proposals for updating the current legislation necessary for state distribution implementation in socially important areas of training, such as health care, have been formulated. The proposed system will allow solving another important problem such as youth employment.

The issue of incompleteness of the professional self-determination processes, characteristic of modern youth in general, has been studied. The emphasis has been placed on the institutional and structural conditions that determine the opportunities and limitations for successful professional socialization of young people in the context of specific territories. In the conditions of the Murmansk Region, the significant factors are demographic decline and personnel hunger, which determined the public demand for population retention and the quality of life improvement. The state of professional and educational orientations of the regional student population is a special research issue in the context of regional comprehensive development tasks realization. The analysis is based on the results of sociological research conducted in 2024 by online survey method among final-year students of regional universities in the Murmansk Region (477 people). The following main trends in the students’ professional and educational orientations have been revealed: a broad request for continuing education outside the region in a significant group of respondents (mainly those who receive secondary vocational education), fairly high rates of loyalty to the received direction of training/specialty, and active involvement in secondary employment in the process of education. The obtained results have applied value within the framework of the regional system of vocational education activities to retain the internal flow of students in the transition between training levels and to build further educational and professional trajectory of graduates.

The issues of soft skills and social maturity development in the process of professional training of future teachers, artists, and psychologists have been studied. Such concepts as soft skills and social maturity have been considered, and modern publications and studies devoted to the subject have been analyzed. In modern psycho-pedagogical science different classifications of soft skills are distinguished. In the process of training there is a transfer and assimilation of theoretical knowledge, skills, and abilities, general and professional competencies formation, as well as their practical application in educational, pedagogical, industrial, and internship practice. As a result of reflection, content analysis of students’ activity products (internship report), and student surveys it has been noticed that during internship practice students-artists and partially students-psychologists face difficulties in interaction with students, parents, and employers. Social maturity is a common and important construct in interacting with others in the social and educational environment at the theoretical level of learning skills mastery, as well as in the process of realizing the professional activity of a teacher, artist, and psychologist. Activation of qualities and characteristics included in the structural composition of social maturity contributes to developing such soft skills as personal, interpersonal, and situational. Soft skills and social maturity are important in the process of education and training of future teachers and psychologists, as well as in future professional activities.

A review of modern Russian and foreign scientific publications considering subjective well-being as a factor of economic effect ensuring safety of the ergatic system has been presented, which allows us to substantiate the relevance of the research topic. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of subjective well-being, self-actualization and personality characteristics, and coping strategies in railroad employees with different job positions such as train managers and train drivers. The study sample consisted of 39 railroad employees with higher education, average age 35.90 years, of whom 22 were train managers and 17 were train drivers. The samples were homogeneous by gender (all men) and level of education (higher education). The research methods were the Scale of subjective well-being by A. Perrudet-Badoux, G. Mendelsohn, and J. Chiche in M.V. Sokolova’s adaptation, E. Shostrom’s self-actualization test in adapted Yu.E. Aleshina, L.Y. Gozman, M.V. Zagik, and M.V. Kroz, R. Lazarus’ coping test adapted by T.L. Kryukova, E.V. Kuftyak, and M.S. Zamyshlyaeva, and I.L. Solomin’s personality type self-assessment questionnaire. Psychological portraits of railroad employees with different job positions have been compiled. Differences and connections among the studied phenomena in train managers and train drivers have been described. Significant qualities and sources of personal growth for both groups have been shown, and suggestions for further research have been made.