The existing methods and approaches for analysing an organization’s personnel capacity have been considered, a retrospective review of the well-known classifications of Russian scientists has been carried out. The authors have studied the papers devoted to the practical aspects of assessing the personnel capacity of industrial enterprises in the context of a number of areas, including: personnel management, sustainable development management, increasing the competitiveness and market value of a company. A new approach to analysing personnel capacity has been proposed in the form of assessment of personnel security or the current level of personnel risks, which are, in turn, attributed to such components of personnel capacity as qualification / working experience, ability / speed of reproduction of labor resources.

During the digital transformation, artificial intelligence technologies are actively developed and implemented in the organization’s management processes. This trend also applies to human resource management. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the benefits of using artificial intelligence tools in human resource management for organizations. Current state of human resource management has been analysed in the article, its main problems have been defined. The opportunities offered by artificial intelligence technologies offer in the field of human resources as well as the problems companies face in their implementation have been considered. Practical examples of the use of artificial intelligence tools such as chatbots, mood analysis technologies, voice assistants, facial recognition system in the field of human resource management have been given.

The aim of the study is to analyse the personnel motivation and incentive system used in Russian companies. The relevance of evaluating the labour of employees has been substantiated in the article, the rating system, KPI, grades for determining the plug of official salaries has been considered. The features of the motivation psychology have been highlighted. The importance of maintaining a balance of interests of employees and company management in the formation of the incentive system has been justified. Attention on the formation of reward systems has been focused. The practice of creating a system of motivation and stimulation of labour has been considered. The data of an all-Russian study conducted by Kelly Service have been presented. The effectiveness of the application of various types of social package has been noted. The most popular types of benefits,on the basis of which several social packages can be compiled, have been described. The principles that contribute to improving efficiency of the functioning of the entire incentive system have been considered.

An approach to solving a comlex and urgent problem facing state and near-state agencies has been described: to provide popular modern services to citizens, while reducing operating costs through the use of digital technologies to improve citizen service and develop more effective ways to work. At the moment, this is achievable by developing a unified information base for the provision of public services, based on the creation of a digital citizen profile. A comparative review of international experience in the field of digitalization of the process of interaction between citizens and government structures has been presented. In accordance with the digitalization programs launched in many countries almost simultaneously, many commercial and social projects are being developed. All of them become available when using complex analytical tools for processing Big data and a Unified identification and authentication system.

For today, innovative technologies are the engine of progress and without use of them it is impossible to talk about sustainable development. Some industries can afford the slow introduction of innovations; for other areas of activity, the introduction of innovations is a prerequisite for optimal functioning in market conditions. The latter also includes the food industry, whose market position is directly dependent on innovative activity. The issue of the possible use of innovative technologies in the food industry has been studied in the article. To identify the main problems, it has been proposed to emphasize the factors on which the innovative development of the food industry and the duration of the technology development cycle depend. An example of the use of innovations in food production, including patent activity on end-to-end technologies has been given. Based on the research, recommendations for conducting innovative activities in the food production industry have been given.

The features of the formation of the mechanism of sustainable development of industry on the basis of new principles of effective use of resources, based on the coordination of the volume of involvement of resources in the production process, taking into account the possibilities of reproduction and knowledge economy have been presented. The resource potential of the industry as part of the socio-economic system of the industry has been considered, characterized not only by the limit of production growth, but also by the technological capabilities of the industry, which affects the potential growth of the economy as a whole. It has been proposed to determine the growth of industrial sectors of the economy through the formation of a mechanism of sustainable development, which allows you to determine the growth potential by changing the principles of involving resources in the production process, taking into account innovative capabilities of the industry and rational allocation. The possibility of allocation of resources has been defined on the basis of substitution determined by the emergence of new technologies and the dynamics of their implementation in the industry.

The issues related to changing customer preferences in the fashion industry have been considered. Changing consumer preferences, according to the author, can have an impact on the configuration of supply chains in the fashion industry. Among such new requirements of consumers in the fashion industry, the author have highlighted: consumer requests for the fastest possible receipt of products, production of products for specific individual requests of buyers, requests for transparency of supply chains and some others. In such situation, owners of clothing and footwear brands can cope with the new challenges of the company by re-shoring production with the organization of digital, robotic production factories.

One of the most “dirty” sectors of the economy is traditionally considered mining and processing industries, while they are less equipped with advanced technologies for cleaning production and consumption waste. The implementation of obligations by oil producing companies to restore the environment is one of the most important areas of state policy. At the same time, the state uses all possible economic and legal instruments to influence subsoil users: from forcing them to set strict environmental standards and levy fines for non-compliance, to encouraging companies themselves to develop along the “green” path, offering various benefits and preferences in return. An overview of the main directions of implementation of D&R obligations of the largest oil and gas companies, as well as the relationship of these obligations with the interests of the state has been proposed in the article.

The need to improve the efficiency of transport infrastructure, which is an important subsystem of urban services as a determinant of the quality of life of the city’s population, has been substantiated. The factors that determine the quality of the urban transport system, the features of urban transport have been highlighted. Transport infrastructure development in Russia has been analysed. It has been proved that in the conditions of the formation of the digital economy, artificial intelligence systems are an effective tool for decision-making. In the formation of intelligent systems for managing urban transport flows, the use of network models has been proposed, for which mathematical methods are necessary to obtain not only point, but also interval estimates of the model parameters, taking into account a priori uncertainty.

Actual problems of industry and environmental aspects of their manifestation have been designated. To reduce the negative impact of industry on the environment, the authors suggest using public procurement tools. The main measures carried out by the state in the interests of ensuring environmental-oriented purchases of industrial products have been given. It has been proposed to expand the practice of using life-cycle contracts as the main way of state support for environmental-oriented procurement, which will subsequently allow you to use effectively available resources, taking into account the environmental factor. There is a large number of different methods for determining the stages of the product life cycle. An attempt was made in this article to describe the application of the environmental factor at each stage of the product life cycle using the example of industry.

Export of transport and logistics services has been analysed and ways of its development based on factors that affect the growth of exports have been proposed. The main problems that hinder the development of both services exports and the transport system as a whole, which are reduced to a lag in the technical and technological level and low competitiveness of domestic companies, have been outlined. The expediency of innovative way of developing the transport system through the formation of transport and logistics clusters, infrastructure development and the introduction of new technologies has been substantiated. Taking into account the large volume of world cargo transport by sea, the development of seaports is of great importance. The need is noted for state support not only for large enterprises, but also for small companies specializing in the development and implementation of innovations in transport services. The issue of increasing the volume of transport services through the development of the Northern sea route and the implementation of the Silk Road Economic Belt project has been considered.

The concept of database creation (modeling) of a building object (Building Information Model further – BIM) – an approach to erection, equipment, support, operation and repair of a building, which includes collection and complex processing during the design process of architectural, technological, economic and other information about the building under construction has been considered. The main advantages of BIM in construction have been highlighted. Advantages and practice of application of informational modeling of construction objects have been studied. Proposals to solve the problems that determine the further effective expansion of the practice of using information modeling of construction facilities have been formulated. In particular, these are modernization of existing and development of domestic software; transition to BIM technologies to public-private partnership facilities; consideration of the BIM model as the main data source for the partner relationship management system, expertise in architectural and urban planning decisions and the project declaration; development and application of intermediate (transitional) period procedure for application of BIM technologies - stages of assessment of readiness of participants of investment and construction complex for application of BIM technologies, application of mechanism of interaction between participants of investment and construction complex and active creation of new digital system of construction facility management.

Industrial clusters and special economic zones, which are forms of regional development tools, have been considered. Within the framework of research clusters and special economic zones according to a number of criteria have been compared, measures of state support for such territories have been described, a comparison of special economic zones of industrial-production and technical-implementation types, industrial and innovative territorial clusters operating within the same region has been made. According to the results of the study, the advantages of industrial clusters located on the territories of special economic zones schematically have been reflected, consisting in large amounts of support provided by the Federal and regional levels of Executive power, developed infrastructure, tax and customs preferences. As part of the study methods of bibliographic and logical analysis, and also a systematic approach were used.

The state of Canada’s tax system has been studied. The structure of taxation in Canada, in particular current issues of tax control over taxpayers, have been considered. In the course of the study, regulative, complex methods of studying the tax system in Canada, general scientific and special methods of scientific knowledge: systematic and functional-structural, comparative analysis were used. It has been revealed that the tax system in Canada is more sparing and effective then in other countries. Canada, unlike other developed countries, has a higher degree of decentralization, when, with a significant impact of federal authorities, the provinces play a significant role in the formation of the concept of the national economy. This state is able to provide its citizens with a high standard of living, decent wages and quite loyal tax system.

Economic growth and technological progress are always paired with the need to improve environmental issues. Global trends in the field of ecology have been considered. The overview of the ecological legal regulation in the Russian Federation has been made. Problems of monitoring and assessing the environmental performance of countries have been identified: there is no single system for comparing and collecting relevant data. Contradictions of views on the intensive growth of the economy and the environmental security of the state have been determined. Conclusions have been formulated that debugging environmental data collection in the Russian Federation would improve the state’s performance in world rankings. In general, the dialectics of economics and ecology has a positive dynamics, and it is reflected in the environmental security strategy of the Russian Federation.

The dynamics of cluster formation in the context of the federal districts and Russia as a whole has been considered, trends in the development of cluster initiatives, as well as the basic principles for creating clusters have been analysed. It is shown that, since 2015, there has been a significant decrease in growth, and the Central Federal and Volga Federal districts are leading among the Federal subjects. It has been identified that in the process of creating a cluster the conducting approach dominates, which is manifested in the initiative of the state. It has been noted that among the principles of cluster formation, traditional rules prevail that are typical for world practice. An algorithmic scheme for creating a cluster based on the results of the formation of a cluster strategy with the subsequent development and implementation of a project to create such a cluster has been constructed.

The features of the modern approach to the organization of working process in creative industries, where the key is the concept of “teal organization” distinctive quality characteristics of which are self-government and self-organization, implying independent implementation of the work processes and projects realization by the employees, have been considered. The rules of creating competent communication with the creative class, people who are the driving force of the creative economy, play an essential role in organizing the management of creative industries in modern society. The functioning of “teal organizations” exclusively within the framework of a creative economy, where the greatest value is the realization of the creative potential of the employee, has been examined in the article.

The essence of costs in the organizational interaction between participants of external economic activity and the market in the case of connection to the electronic Declaration system has been revealed. This type of cost is classified as transactional. The expenses faced by participants in foreign economic activity at the present time when connecting to the electronic Declaration system have been identified and disclosed. It has been found that the existence of intermediaries in the process of providing such services leads to transaction costs of an explicit type Seven groups of implicit transaction costs also have been highlighted. Various approaches to measuring transaction costs have been considered, a partial use of ordinalist and cardinalist approaches has been proposed.

The need to develop Bank salary cards in the system of non-cash payments in the conditions of financial instability caused by the Covid-19 pandemic has been substantiated in the study. For the formation of a new view on the application of the Bank payroll cards economic substance “of the modern Bank salary card” based on technologies of contactless payments has been expanded, the advantages of using salary cards for banks and clients – legal entities and individuals have been defined, the best experience of Sberbank of Russia on the use of Bank salary cards from the point of view of its extrapolation to regional banks, taking into account their specifics has been studied. As a result, the main directions for the development of salary projects have been proposed, including the definition of incentive provisions for their application, ensuring security, confidence in salary projects and contactless payment, regulating the risk of occurrence of accounts payable and accounts receivable between business entities, the need to modernize individual banking service, formation of innovative salary cards.

The problematic issues of financing cultural institutions have been considered. A study of the current state of the funding mechanism for cultural institutions from the perspective of the European model with its emphasis on their state financial support has been conducted. The problems of functioning of the mechanism of financing cultural institutions both in terms of state allocations for the implementation of state tasks and income from business activities have been identified. The methods and tools of the mechanism for financing cultural institutions in Russia have been evaluated. Attention on the shortcomings of the modern legal framework regulating patronage and sponsorship as a tool for forming financial resources of cultural institutions, – has been focused. The directions of development of the mechanism of financial support of cultural institutions taking into account domestic and international experience have been suggested.

In the coming years, blockchain technologies may become one of the breakthrough innovations in the financial sector of the economy, optimizing and simplifying transaction operations in a number of areas, reducing their cost. Having a very significant potential for transforming the established algorithms for the interaction of financial market participants, it is important to understand what are the boundaries of these changes, what new opportunities are presented by blockchain technologies and, finally, what are the expected consequences for the development of the financial sector itself and the other sectors of the national economic system associated with it. In this regard, important and urgent task is to minimize risks for financial and other organizations in the face of impending opportunities and threats under the pressure of the process of integrating blockchain platforms into the economic environment. This research is devoted to the solution of the issues posed. The most important component of the paper is the proposed methodological toolkit, which allows you to identify in a formalized form the patterns and relationships between the level of penetration of blockchain technologies into the financial environment and the dynamics of gross domestic product ( GDP).

In the current system of financing the drug provision of certain categories of citizens in the outpatient setting in the Russian Federation, there are a number of problems caused by various factors, such as the imperfection of the legislative framework, the implementation of control procedures, etc. The article reveals in detail the problem of lack of funding in connection with the establishment of unified approaches to calculating the standards of financial costs per month per citizen for all regions of Russia, which do not take into account any of the factors of regional development. It has been proposed to change the approaches in calculating the standards, which will ensure their approximation to the real needs of financing preferential categories of citizens.

The assessments of well-known Russian sociologists and philosophers (P. A. Sorokin, P. B. Struve, M. O. Menshikov) of one of the important features of the historical formation and existence of the Russian administrative elite – its national diversity have been analysed. The main characteristics and alternative estimates given by thinkers to this social phenomenon have been revealed. It has been shown that the main object of their attention is the question of whether the multinational elite is able to provide a qualitative level of management? In this issue, the points of view differ, so M. O. Menshikov took a negative position. The means that contribute, from the point of view of P.A. Sorokin and P.B. Struve, to creative development and integration of the interests of all subjects of multinational Russian society have been revealed in the article.

Arguments, justifying the necessity of detailed research of surrogate motherhood, as a phenomenon actively developing, but without uniform approaches of legal and statistical assessment, have been presented. The historical reference characterizing the object of the study has been given, modern interpretation of the concept of “surrogate motherhood” has been presented. The social roles of surrogate motherhood have been outlined. The issues that characterize surrogate motherhood as an object of applied research have been considered and systematized The positive and negative aspects of surrogate motherhood have been assessed, number of problems arising in key social and psychological planes has been designated. The existing approaches and indicators for displaying the situation in the field of surrogate motherhood have been analysed. An original approach to quantifying the prevalence of surrogate motherhood has been proposed.

The space of modern education is voluminous. It is so capacious that it can accommodate any number of different educational systems. On the one hand, these are systems of pre-school, General, and vocational education, which in turn include subsystems of the basic level (primary, secondary, and higher professional education, etc.). On the other hand, and this point is discussed in the article, the concept of “educational space” covers not only the system parameters of the largest integrated education system in the scale of society (city, region, country, world), but also other characteristics that make it possible, based on the analysis of their state, structure and dynamics, to speak convincingly about the directions and quality of development of socio-cultural relations in General.

Сharitable organizations and charitable activities in Russia and their role in modern conditions have been considered. Charity in Russia today is a significant and important institution that continues the social policy of the state. The reasons, forms and types of charity have been presented. The innovative forms of charity have been identifed: SMS donations, using charity portals and donation services, purchasing a product or service in favor of charity, charity events, and volunteering. A promising form of charitable activity is volunteering. According to the results of a sociological study, charity is popular among the population: 89.5% of respondents have ever been involved in charity. In general, the respondents have a positive image of charity in Russia. Most of the respondents in one way or another have ever taken part in charity and noted the possibility of participation in the future.

The problems of measuring the efficiency of social entrepreneurship have been affected. The aim of the study is to identify the most relevant methods for measuring social value and evaluating the effects that arise as a result of the activities of social organizations. Various interpretations of the definition of the term “social entrepreneurship” have been given in the article. The main elements of the process of social entrepreneurship, features of the goal setting and risks of activities in the study area have been emphasized. The stages of planning activities in the field of social entrepreneurship have been described. The most common problems of measurements and evaluation of social effects that social entrepreneurs have to deal with in the process of carrying out activities related to the implementation of social projects: difficulty in achieving a quantitative evaluation, difficulty in predicting the long-term effect of activities, limitations on costs, time resources, indicators of accuracy and interpretation of results have been revealed. Problems in forecasting the effectiveness of social projects have been identified. The main methods that can be used by social entrepreneurs and organizations for measuring the social value and assessing impact of ongoing activities (method of cost-benefit analysis, method of social accounting, method of social return on investment, method of analysis of the main resources of efficiency) have been analysed. Recommendations for social entrepreneurs have been formulated.

The high applied significance of the problem of effective and tolerant student interaction in a multicultural educational environment has been proved. The results of an empirical research of personality determinants of ethnic tolerance of students have been presented. The study has been carried out on a Russian and Belarusian sample of students, which allowed us to identify specific features of the influence of empathy and reflexivity as personal determinants on the level of ethnic tolerance among students of different ethnic communities. The levels of development of empathy and reflexivity among Russian students and Belarusian students have been defined and analysed, their social predictors have been substantiated. Based on the results of variance and multiple regression analyses the strength, orientation and content characteristics of the influence of empathy and reflexivity of the individual on the student’s ethnic tolerance have been revealed. The results of the study are of interest to specialists in the field of personality psychology, ethnic psychology, cross-cultural communication.

The purpose of this article is to analyse the results of research aimed at identifying features of the family image in adolescents who have experience of living in closed institutions. Based on the results of the study significant differences in the family image of graduates of closed institutions and their peers who are raised in families have been revealed. The image of a family of domestic teenagers is clearly defined, structured, with distributed intra-family roles. Independence and socialization of teenagers brings to the image of the family a serious and responsible attitude to family relations. The key role in the image of a family of home teenagers is played by such qualities as determination, selfsufficiency, independence. Openness is a quality that distinguishes domestic teenagers from their peers from foster families and closed institutions. Home teenagers give meaning to relationships, household sphere and symbols in the image of the family. The image of the family in teenagers who are raised in blood families is described in more detail than in their peers from closed institutions and foster families.