The study is devoted to analyzing peculiarities of inventive activity development in Russia in the conditions of sanctions restrictions and a new technological mode formation. The place of Russia in the world patent market has been determined, inventive activity regional potential analyzed. In terms of the absolute number of patent applications Russia is among the top ten world leaders, but its share in the world patent market is insignificant. Sanctions restrictions led to the reduction of applications for inventions by foreign applicants and weakening of the domestic intellectual property market dependence on foreign intellectual capital. A significant regional differentiation of inventive activity has been noted, and five leading regions identified. It is revealed that inventive and innovation activity are connected by a positive statistically significant relationship. The regions typologization by the inventive and innovation activity level has been obtained, which will make it possible to compare the inventive and innovation potential of regions and identify those in which they coincide or, conversely, do not correspond to each other. Consideration of the relationship among the indicators can be used to make decisions in the field of intellectual property, which can contribute to the intellectual security of Russia and serve as a basis for technological independence. 

Mentoring in higher education is a necessity and an obligatory process of transferring the experience of teaching staff to young teachers. Statistics show that the younger generation is not eager to devote themselves to teaching, sometimes because they are not aware of all aspects of the profession. The mentoring task in higher education is to involve the younger generation in a unique pedagogical process. The work is complex, requiring from the parties a creative approach and the ability to turn a young specialist in the direction of pedagogy. Everything is important in this process from understanding the financial component to recognizing the social significance of the activity. Mentoring for young teachers, graduate students, masters in teaching economic disciplines, along with the regularities of the process has its own significant features, which arise from the economic reality study specifics, as well as the presence of numerous concepts and theories that interpret this economic reality itself and on the basis of this proposing a certain state economic policy. The issue becomes relevant also because the approaches to the federal state educational standards are being transformed in Russia. 

The article studies the sphere of public services provided by customs authorities. The purpose of the study is to analyze the marketing model of customs services marketing model transformation under the conditions of the customer-centricity principles implementation and the customs administration system digital transformation. The relevance of the study is conditioned by the necessity to elaborate the rendering services mechanism in order to improve their quality and satisfaction of the final consumer (interested citizens, participants of foreign economic activity) with the result of receiving the service. The main tasks of the study are to identify problematic factors of the rendering state customs services mechanism, to determine their essence, and to structure their sphere. The article used both theoretical (current normative-legal acts and modern researchers’ scientific works analysis) and empirical (practical substantiation of ways to improve the customs control efficiency and the state customs services quality) research methods. Based on the analysis of the customs value definition as a state customs unformalized service, the problematic aspects that reduce the service quality and the level of participants’ satisfaction in foreign economic activity have been identified. The study proposes possible options for solving the identified problematic aspects on the basis of the developed marketing model and methodology for assessing the customs services quality. Its fragment has been presented by the author on the example of goods customs value control and confirmation. 

Expanding the project management application scope in different sectors of economy and social life spheres stimulates the search and use of project success new factors. Researchers and practitioners note that the personality of a project manager’s personality is a significant factor affecting the project management effectiveness. At the same time, the scientific literature has not developed a coherent picture explaining the elements and role of a project manager’s personality. In search of an answer to this question, the study, built as a scientific literature systematic analysis, reveals that a project manager’s personality manifests itself as a set of personal competencies. Among the most significant personality competencies, experts include result-orientedness, optimism, honesty, adaptability, creativity, and intuition. Project manager’s personal competencies act as the core of the project management competency model and significantly affect professional technical competencies, primarily leadership, communication, and emotional intelligence. The novelty of the results obtained lies in the streamlining and deepening of theoretical ideas about a project manager’s personality and its role in the project management competencies formation. The study results are recommended to be used in training programs development for project managers and personnel selection.

The article considers the function tracing method that provides project organizational structure systematic construction. Interconnectedness of methodological approaches between organizational design on a company scale and the role-based project structures construction has been described. Based on the existing level of organizational design development and its most frequently used methods, the tracing functions method from the project requirements to the functional roles of a project organizational structure have proposed and formalized. Initial data volume for organizational design and parallels between organizational structures of a company in general and a project in particular have been given. A mathematical scheme of the projected organizational structure functional distribution has been proposed considering a five-stage approach in tracing functions. The approach describes the stages of modeling the project organizational structure. On the basis of distributing the tasks required to be performed during the project realization, the principles description providing the correlation of the functionality to the project roles on the basis of the project realization goals has been offered. The factors that have a positive impact on project implementation and based on the considered approach of organizational structures functional design have been presented.

The subject of the study is the role of effective communications and the mechanism of meaning emergence in the collective mind of a complex commercial social and technical system. We have synthesized the provisions of traditionally studied separately spheres of knowledge such as the communication theory, collective intelligence, corporate culture management, and motivation theory in the context of digital transformation of companies. The analysis of these concepts together provides a deeper understanding of the knowledge acquisition processes necessary to improve digital transformation effectiveness. The paper formulates the effective communication management principles that contribute to tacit knowledge identification and its successful formalization. We have proposed a distinction of related terms such as data, information, knowledge, understanding, wisdom, and vision. The applied nature of the study is to deepen the understanding of the mechanism of innovative ideas emergence and to propose measures to minimize the risks of managing the communication system in organizations. The following approaches have been considered: values management, emotional intelligence development, decision-making routes and motivation mechanisms personalization, communication formats specification. The article may be useful for researchers whose interests include innovative trends in management, entrepreneurial activity development and enterprises digitalization effectiveness. The study results may be useful for managerial practitioners who develop and implement strategies for enterprises innovative development. 

Field research is of particular interest in marketing because it often generates unique statistics. Closed-ended questions during data collection simplify data processing, but at the same time significantly limit the research subject depth. Open-ended questions provide a deeper understanding of respondents’ opinions, but processing responses in the form of natural language (qualitative data) is difficult and time-consuming, as it is usually done manually. Modern machine learning techniques, particularly tokenization, can be used to automate such data processing. The purpose of the study is to test this method application to data processing of the field research “Monitoring of the competition state and development in the commodity markets of the Novosibirsk Region”. The following tasks have been set and solved: primary information has been collected and prepared for processing, and token groups identified and formed. Based on the groups, the respondents’ answers have been further combined into relatively homogeneous clusters including similar answers to open-ended questions. Subsequent quality control of the conducted research has been carried out on the basis of Precision, Recall and F-measure metrics, which showed an acceptable level of data processing quality. Information collection has been realized through sociological surveys (questionnaire distribution) and CAWI surveys and included open-ended questions. The study reveals that even extremely insignificant references were not missed. The obtained data allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to form annotated databases and token libraries for the marketing research purposes.

The article studies issues of assessing the management of the end-to-end process of creating and bringing to market knowledge-intensive products in the context of economy digital transformation at medium-sized enterprises in the relevant industries, as well as ways to improve this process in the areas of Market Analysis, Planning, R&D Work. The author’s approach and algorithm for assessing the process management implementation have been disclosed, and market experts surveyed and interviewed. Weighted average integral indicators of the efficiency of implementing the end-to-end process of creating and bringing to market such products and an effective industrial digital enterprise model achievability have been determined. With the use of the expert evaluations method, the importance ranks of the process stages have been calculated. The formulated proposals for improving the efficiency level of the end-to-end process of creating and bringing to market knowledge-intensive products are programs for improving the above-mentioned stages. They will form the basis for developing and implementing basic principles, techniques, methods, and algorithms of the process management model. 

The article studies the human resources potential concept and its development on the example of Russian Railways, one of the largest companies in Russia. In academic and scientific literature, the human resources potential concept is often mentioned in the context of studying the enterprises competitiveness in various industries, but it remains unclear what components it consists of and what indicators can be used to assess it. The authors have conducted a terminological analysis of the concept and considered its components such as spiritual, intellectual (mental), and physical (material) resources. A system classification of indicators for assessing the human resources potential in organizations has been proposed, which constitutes the scientific novelty of the study and complements economic knowledge in this area. Russian Railways has a huge human resource, which it actively develops and analyzes (in terms of age, education, gender, and categories of employees). Nevertheless, the research has shown that in the strategic sense both development plans and reported values of human resources potential indicators reflect the whole range of identified data very narrowly, which needs to be improved, especially in the current economic situation in the country. Reporting and forecasting materials of Russian Railways available in open Internet sources were used and analyzed when doing the research.

The article studies some aspects of specialized polygraph device application in the process of personnel recruitment in corporate structures. The authors cite the sociological surveys results that reflect the attitude of employers and employees towards polygraph checks at the stage of their employment. The methods and spheres of polygraph application for professional-psychological selection have been analyzed. The special psychophysiological research procedure with the use of the polygraph has been described, including recommendations on the questions formulation to obtain reliable results. The legislation of the Russian Federation regulating the conduct of such research has also been considered. The authors concluded that the use of the polygraph device is a relevant and promising tool, which is increasingly used in the personnel recruitment in corporate structures, as evidenced by the sociological surveys results. However, the research peculiarity on the polygraph tests prospects in personnel recruitment is currently complicated by the lack of open data from the companies themselves, since such data constitute commercial secrets and are not subject to public disclosure in accordance with the Federal Law “On Trade Secrets”.

The authors have set the task to assess the socio-economic development level of the Kirov Region. The Volga Federal District has been chosen as the base of comparison. The key problems of the Russian constituent entities territorial development have been analyzed, and the authors’ methods of characterizing the regional social and economic development level published in early scientific works studied. The order of calculating normative values for selected indicators used to assess the Volga Federal District regions has been given. The diagnostic procedure has been carried out to characterize the Kirov Region social and economic development level in comparison with other district entities in the context of the economic development pace and the regional development overall level. Based on the analysis, the initial hypothesis of the study has been confirmed, and conclusions drawn about the general lag of the region from the federal district, while higher rates of its development in comparison with other regions of the Volga Federal District noted. The study results application scope consists in its further use within the framework of scientific works on asses–sing economic development of other district entities, as well as the used methodology application for other entities. The conclusion formulates further direction for improving the diagnostics of the Kirov Region social and economic development level and names specific steps to detail and clarify the future study results.

The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive analytical overview of small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter – SMEs) state in Russia. The main part is divided into four subsections and shows SMEs development trends, analysis of small business by industries and a comparative review of sociological surveys among entrepreneurs. The paper concludes by identifying the institutional factors that determine the level of entrepreneurial activity by Russian regions and compiling regression models. The share of SMEs in the country’s economy remains low and the number of entities tends to decrease, while the population’s desire to engage in entrepreneurship is also decreasing. An analysis of activity by sector shows that most SMEs operate in the service sector and larger enterprises prefer to operate in more basic sectors of the economy, while most markets are dominated by large businesses. A sociological surveys comparative analysis allowed us to draw an average portrait of entrepreneurs; the data from the surveys generally converge with official statistics. An extremely high variability in the level of entrepreneurial activity across Russian regions has been shown. For this reason, more than two dozen regional social and economic indicators have been selected and correlation analysis carried out. Regression models of entrepreneurial activity have been compiled on the basis of these indicators.

In conditions of rapid progress in technology and constant changes in tax legislation, the task of optimizing the taxation in organizations is becoming increasingly difficult for business entities. The use of innovative approaches in the process allows to increase efficiency and reduce tax expenses. In addition, innovative methods and technologies implementation can reduce time for tax optimization, simplify tax reporting monitoring and analysis, and improve decisions quality. The purpose of the study is to find innovative approaches to optimize taxation in organizations. The following tasks have been set: to classify the types of tax risks; to assess tax risks on the basis of determining the tax burden of organizations; to form innovative approaches to optimize taxation in organizations. As a result of the conducted research on the example of Technoprom the organizations are offered to determine the tax burden and forecast its dynamics in the future, as well as to apply innovative approaches to optimize taxation on the basis of artificial intelligence through the use of methods of automating tax accounting and reporting and blockchain technology. System approach, analysis and synthesis, as well as the method of expert evaluations method have been applied as the research methods.

The energy sales activities development processes in the electric power industry have been studied. The factors determining the infrastructural nature of activity in the modern market, aimed at supporting opportunities for implementing competitive transactions of electric power purchase and sale, have been formulated. The process of planning to implement in 2005–2008 a “resale” scheme for organizing energy sales activities in the course of developing a new market model has been assessed. The choice of such a scheme is not simple and not the best of possible solutions. The problems arising for economic entities in the modern Russian electric power market under the conditions of the “resale” scheme for organizing energy sales activities have been characterized. Mechanisms and procedures of the market do not provide its subjects with acceptable competition conditions. This is largely due to the fact that energy sales companies, seeking to preserve and expand the monopoly sale of electricity, suppress the possibility of competitive choice of its suppliers and consumers, creating conditions of entrepreneurship low efficiency in the market. The article proposes approaches to improving energy sales activities based on the implementing the “agency” scheme within the framework of the electric power market digital model with the solution of tasks to provide its subjects with opportunities for competitive choice, ensuring fair competition conditions for detecting and implementing opportunities to obtain entrepreneurial benefits.

The relevance of the study is determined by the significance, as well as the potential for further development of economic relations between Russia and Vietnam in the context of the current global situation. The purpose of the study is to identify opportunities to intensify trade interaction between the two countries with the additional opportunities analysis to increase exports and imports. Statistical information on the existing trade interaction between Russia and Vietnam has been given, the potential for the tourism activities and educational services development considered. In addition, the article describes the possibilities of increasing the economic potential of the two countries in terms of infrastructure development, including opportunities for the investment joint projects development. Special attention has been paid to the logistics systems development, which can increase the trade cooperation efficiency between Russia and Vietnam, considering the new transportation corridors development within the framework of the Northern Sea Route and Russia’s participation in China’s One Belt, One Road project. The key problems slowing down the possibilities of more active interaction between the two countries have been identified, and possible ways to solve them found. The practical significance consists in the obtained results application in the field of business organization within the two economies, as well as for the analysis and better understanding of economic relations between Russia and Vietnam.

The relevance of the problems investigated in the article is determined by the fact that the world economy fragmentation worsens its dynamics, but its actual fragility became relevant after the global crisis of 2008–2009. In this regard, developing countries are increasingly characterized by extreme risks associated with the global markets’ instability – not only commodity markets, but also financial ones, where the innovative derivatives expansion has increased the speculators’ role, thereby making commodity markets more volatile. The overall situation is aggravated by debt problems in many countries. The purpose of the study is to investigate the nature and extent of the debt burden that has developed in the global economy in recent years and to assess the key challenges facing the monetary policies of countries around the world in order to counter the rising debt burden. The main results of the study include the assessment of the scale and nature of the debt burden in terms of its negative impact on global economic development, identification of the relationship between the business cycle passage and the debt accumulation in foreign countries, as well as the main directions of prospective monetary policy that will contribute to the debt burden reduction in the foreseeable future.

In the conditions of instability of the Russian economy, Russian regions have faced the problem of finding new directions of foreign economic development. Mathematical modeling methods, considering the distance between partner regions and their economies volumes, can be effective tools for solving the problem. The article touches upon the modeling foreign trade relations issues in the Republic of Tatarstan on the gravity models’ basis. The purpose of the study is to identify potential trade partners and assess the prospects for the export relations development in the Republic of Tatarstan. The structure, dynamics, and main directions of exports of the constituent entity have been analyzed. Potential trade partners of the Republic of Tatarstan among the Commonwealth of Independent States countries have been identified using the classical gravity model based on assessing the internal regional product and the distance among the regions. The prospects of foreign trade relations with Belarus and the Republic of Uzbekistan have been assessed. Based on J. Tinbergen’s gravity model models of interaction among the regions have been built and forecast values of export volumes for the short term calculated. It was revealed that the Republic of Azerbaijan can become a potential partner for the Republic of Tatarstan. The analysis of the forecast data on the domestic regional product of the Republic of Tatarstan and the gross domestic product of Azerbaijan in 2023 suggests that the exports volume between these entities is expectedly high.

In recent decades, global economic community has increasingly emphasized the need to balance financial returns with social, environmental, and other non-financial values. In this context, the impact investing concept is an important step in investment strategies development aimed at achieving not only financial returns, but also positive social and environmental impacts. The purpose of the study is to provide a comprehensive and objective analysis of the opportunities and constraints accompanying impact investing in order to develop a deeper understanding of its essence and contribution to sustainable economic and social development and, as a consequence, to ensure its informed and effective use to achieve positive social and environmental transformation. The research methodology provides for the search and collection of scientific information with the subsequent use of meta-analysis and meta-synthesis methods, the application of Goldratt’s constraints theory and the use of system analysis. The theoretical basis is provided by studies and publications in the field of impact investing, sustainable development, social responsibility, and standards of non-financial, integrated reporting, including articles, monographs, reports, and official documents of organizations engaged in the investments’ development with positive social and environmental impact. The study has identified three significant perspectives provided by the impact investing paradigm and articulated three inherent limitations to the use of this investment practice. The paper has also confirmed that the identified perspectives and limitations show a strong interconnection and influence on each other, which is important for a full and deep understanding of the role and significance of impact investing in the contemporary context.

The article studies the subject of improving the non-state pension provision mechanism considering the fintech application implementation into the system. The purpose of the study is to develop an application conceptual model in the framework of pension planning and individual pension strategies formation considering constant monitoring of changes in the legislative, economic, and other spheres to ­create an additional way for citizens to independently form long-term savings for developing the third level of the pension system. Information synthesis and analysis, available literature review, comparison, the results obtained formalization and specification have been carried out. The paper presents problems and analysis of existing programs to motivate long-term savings and proposals in the field of pension savings formation for developing the third level of pension provision. AKPIN fintech-application will allow to develop individual strategies for pension savings formation and will be aimed at a long-term strategy implementation for developing the accumulative component of the pension system in Russia. The proposed application has the ability to analyze the user’s data and, based on it, offer recommendations to increase their savings. If the user decides to spend funds, it can also issue recommendations on request. Due to continuous monitoring of the news background, financial regulators’ actions, financial indicators and changes in legislation, the application can offer up-to-date recommendations and assist users in making effective individual decisions in the area of pension savings management for citizens of the Russian Federation.

The use of digital technology in finance has led to the creation of more efficient and convenient financial services at lower costs, providing customers with a more attractive experience than traditional financial services. This trend has become dominant in recent decades, but it is a relatively new field in Vietnam. Vietnam has great potential for financial technology (hereafter referred to as fintech) development: the young population is increasingly using digital technologies in their daily lives, and the country has a relatively developed telecommunications and e-commerce infrastructure. However, fintech in Vietnam also faces many challenges, such as information technology risks, increased competition in the financial institution market, and difficulties in non-banking organizations management and supervision. Coordination among government agencies, fintech businesses and citizens is needed to address these challenges. The government needs to improve legal policy, raise public awareness, and create favorable conditions for fintech development. Fintech companies need to improve their products and services quality to meet people’s needs. The population needs to be aware of financial technologies to be able to effectively use fintech products and services.

The article studies the issues of assessing the state of fiscal capacity of the economies of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Inter-budgetary transfers are important for ensuring the financial stability of economies and creating conditions for the implementation of socio-economic development programs of subjects. Because of this, it becomes relevant to administer the distribution and definition of criteria for the distribution of inter-budgetary transfers. The revenues volume indicators of the entities and federal districts with and without interbudgetary transfers, as well as their values per capita have been studied. The comparative analysis of the budget revenues and interbudgetary transfers dynamics has been carried out. The structure of interbudgetary transfers distribution among the regions has been assessed. Statistical characteristics of the interbudgetary transfers share in the revenues of the budgets of the entities showing their heterogeneity has been obtained. The fiscal capacity per capita indicators in the regions and their dynamics have been analyzed. The influence of inter-budgetary transfers on increasing the level of budgetary security of the population in the subjects of the Russian Federation is shown. The correlation per capita of interbudget transfers and gross regional product has been carried out, indicating their variability in time and space, as well as the presence of significant differentiation of their values in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

The article studies mental flexibility and social maturity as a basis of student resilience. Such concepts as social maturity, mental and psychological health, mental flexibility and resilience have been considered. Social maturity, mental flexibility, and psychological health play an important role in adapting to environmental changes. Social maturity and flexibility as important components of a person’s life influence their well-being, satisfaction level, emotional state, help to manage emotions and thoughts, show the ability to cope with stress and learn to accept changes, and find ways to solve problems. They contribute to communication skills development, establishing healthy interpersonal relationships and maintaining positive motivation, as well as help in social and psychological adaptation to new life circumstances, finding the right and effective ways out of any crisis situations and showing curiosity rather than hostility towards the changing aspects of life. Important features of social maturity and thinking flexibility include integration into social and functional processes of life activity, management and self-regulation, and ability to switch from one thought to another without losing the main one. Recommendations for thinking flexibility development have been presented. Such directions in flexible thinking development as practicing open thinking, learning new skills and knowledge, communicating with different people, meditation practicing, reading books, exploring new ideas, and fantasizing have been outlined. The main aspects of resilience have been reflected. Social maturity and thinking flexibility have been considered as a basis of student resilience.

The article compares the features of positive thinking and stress levels in physicians and medical staff, but the nature of duties and work differs in many ways, which may serve to identify significant differences among workers of two similar professions. The purpose of the study is to examine the positive thinking and stress levels characteristics in helping professions. Objectives of the study are to analyze the scientific literature, to identify the positive thinking and stress levels in specialists, and to establish differences in these levels in specialists of different profiles. The subject of the study is the peculiarities of positive thinking and stress levels in specialists. The literature on the topic under study has been analyzed according to the works of N.E. Vodopyanova, T.O. Gordeeva, E.N. Osin, V.Y. Shevyakhova, and Yu.V. Scherbatykh. The following methods were used: stress manifestations complex assessment (Yu.V. Shcherbatykh (2008), questionnaire of successes and failures reaction ways for adults (STONE-V, T.O. Gordeeva, V.Y. Shevyakhova (2008), optimism and activity scale in N.E. Vodopyanova’s adaptation (2009). Statistically significant differences have been revealed only on the “Optimism in the situation of success” scale, which indicates the difference in the behavior of physicians and medical staff. The results of the study can be the basis for creating recommendations for helping employees cope with stress. The prospect is to extend the study of the phenomenon to other helping professions and compare the results.

The article studies psychological aspects of the perception by the State University of Management students of a complex control three-stage system, providing a full and comprehensive assessment of knowledge and skills acquired by students in foreign language learning. The authors briefly describe the control system itself, consider the principles of compiling an online survey and analyze the resulting students’ responses, revealing the peculiarities of their foreign language control activities perception. The conducted survey made it possible to identify the problems and difficulties faced by students during the exam session, analyze the factors affecting the psychological comfort state when doing assignments, and develop recommendations aimed at the control system further improvement. The purpose of the study is to maximize the control quality at all stages of foreign language learning. The student survey data show that the respondents objectively and positively perceive both the control format and its structural and content features. In addition, students adequately assess the tasks complexity level offered to them and the results of their own learning activities.

The purpose of the study is to conduct empirical and statistical evaluation, as well as subsequent comparative analysis of the expression of university adaptation components (social, didactic, and professional) in 1st year medical students studying on different financial basis (commercial, budgetary, and target contract). The scientific novelty of the study lies in the research of medical students’ adaptation processes in the context of their financial basis of education. The online testing method with the subsequent statistical analysis of the obtained data has been applied. To identify the level of expression of the university adaptation components, the method “Students’ adaptation to university” by M.S. Yurkina was used as a diagnostic tool. According to the obtained data, there are statistically significant differences in the levels of expression of the university adaptation components in 1st year medical students studying on a different financial basis. The least psychologically stable from the point of view of social infusion into the university environment are the students studying under the target contract. Didactic and professional adaptation components in higher education are least expressed in students studying on a commercial basis. The data obtained as a result of the study can be used in university educational activity to improve freshmen’s adaptation processes management considering the financial basis of their education, which will optimize the issue of preserving the contingent of students.