The active introduction of   digital technologies by   business entities does not only rapidly change their external and internal environments, but also affects the essence of   the economy, forming qualitative structural transformations in   it, which should be   reflected in   the terminology. The purposes of   the work are to  analyse modern approaches to   the interpretation of   the digital economy; to   consider the conceptual and terminological situation in   the management of   an organisation; to   propose a   reasonable terminological set of   concepts reflecting the gradation of   management according to  the degree of   digital technologies application. The author has conducted the research within the framework of a   systematic information and cybernetic scientific approach. Scientific methods, such as  analysis, synthesis, generalisation, comparison, etc., are used. The data is  taken from open sources. The author has analysed and summarised approaches to  the interpretation of  the digital economy, has grouped them and allocated as   follows: technocratic, specific, scientific and industrial, industrial and sectoral, information and spatial, evolutionary. The article uses the generic concept “digital economy” and reasonably suggests a   set of   terms, such as   “analog management”, “digitised management”, and “digital management” to  differentiate the concept “organisation management” according to   the degree of   applying digital technologies. The paper shows the expediency of   this gradation (including semantic content and terminological continuity), its integrity, completeness, consistency, and compliance with modern scientific knowledge. The author suggests using the introduced set of  terms for various socio-economic phenomena, processes, and objects.

In   the context of   modern geopolitical conflicts, which have led to  complications in   the international trade and investment cooperation between countries, there are serious changes in  the positions of   states in  the global export of  arms and military equipment (hereinafter referred to   as AME). Structural transformations in   the international exchange of  the AME are also conditioned by   the clash of   economic interests of   individual countries due to   globalisation of  recent decades as   well as   by the use of   various models of  production and export of  the AME at   the national level. As  shown in   our article, states of   the world are seriously differentiated in   their own production of   the AME according to  the degree of   their dependence on   imports and foreign suppliers of   components and technologies. The fact that countries can be   advanced participants in   the technological chain or   be niche suppliers determines new directions for their international specialisation and, largely, the rules and nature of   competition in   the modern AME market. As   part of   the presented analysis of   the national specialisation models of  states, the competitive advantages and weaknesses of   Russia as   one of   the leading arms exporters in   the world are shown. At   the same time, the foreign policy and economic risks of  strengthening its position in  the global AME trade have been assessed. Based on   the results of   the study, directions for reinforcing the potential of  the Russian military-industrial complex in   the world AME market have been formulated.

The article examines the phenomenon of  consumer perception of   product innovations in   order to  identify features determined by   modern market conditions. The purpose of   the study is   achieved by   analysing the specifics of   customer perception of: the degree of  product innovativeness; product innovations in   the framework of  information overload and amid high intensity of   their introduction to  the market. As a   result of   the research, the following features of   the сonsumer perception, characteristic of   modern market conditions, are identified: subjectivity of   perception of   the product innovativeness; actualisation of  the phenomenon of  information neglect in  conditions of   information overload of   consumers and the phenomenon of   consumer stupor within the framework of   high intensity of   product innovations being introduced to   the market. The work proves the need to   study the psychology of   perception of   innovations by   potential consumers in  the process of   developing and introducing a   new product deeply and comprehensively, in   particular, to  study cognitive, value, need-motivational systems as   well as  the characteristics of   behaviour patterns of   consumers of   innovative products. Only in   this case it  is possible to  create a  product innovation that is   truly needed and therefore quickly and easily accepted by  the market.

In   the context of   the rapid development of   the audiovisual industry, the search for new tools to   attract audience attention becomes a   key task for any creative project. Special effects used to  enhance the entertainment of   an audio visual work can act as   such tools. Within the framework of   the research, the expediency of   applying them is   considered in   the context of   cinema. Modern trends in   cinema are aimed at  individualising a   creative project. Therefore, it   is necessary to   know which special effects are advisable to   use when realising a  film project depending on   its features. As a   result, a  detailed analysis of   the implemented special effects has been conducted in   relation to  different forms of   film products in  order to  better understand the cost of   applying them in a   particular film project. Variants of   special effects have been formed, based not only on   paired technologies, but also on   more numerous relationships between the first ones. Special effects are both combined and complement each other, thus forming a   more efficient filmmaking, which allows you to   fully use the techniques of   impressive display of   visual elements. When evaluating the effectiveness of  the application of   special effects, the authors have introduced such indicators as  output of a   special effect and intensity of a   special effect.

The article is  devoted to  the study of   the features of   processing large amounts of   data using the Python programming language. Unlike tabular processors or   finished software products, programming languages offer the user a   flexible toolkit for the implementation of   tasks. At   the same time, this creates certain risks associated with the effectiveness of  using appropriate tools and optimising the operation of   the programme. The purpose of   the article is   to study the features of   processing large amounts of   data in   Python on  the  examples of   immediate research tasks. The relevance of   the topic and purpose of  the article is   due to   the existing scientific gap related to a  comprehensive consideration of   the technical aspects of   the use of  programming languages and associated tools for socio-economic research. Thus, many authors who use programming languages in   their works rarely provide information regarding the advantages of   certain algorithms or  approaches. Within the framework of  the article, the author examines the procedures and algorithm of   processing a   large array of   data on   the example of   specific research tasks. The conclusions are drawn about the features and advantages of   Python when working with large amounts of   data as   well as  about the prospects for the development of   the relevant scientific topics.

The research purpose is   to determine the possibility of   applying ESG principles in   the process of   forming development prospects for modern Russian oil and gas organisations from the perspective of  an ecosystem approach. The subject of   the study is  tools for increasing efficiency. The methods of  content analysis, synthesis and verbal modelling have been used. It   is shown that the orientation of  the country’s oil and gas complex to  ensure the sustainability of   social and corporate governance while preserving the ecology of   the environment helps to  increase the efficiency of   the complex in  the future. In   this case, it   will receive competitive advantages which can be  appreciated by   investors who organise the attraction of   financial and information resources as  well as   human, material and energy resources. The novelty of   the results obtained lies in   the substantiation of   the approach that is   founded on a   combination of  such categories as  ESG principles, sustainable development, ecosystem approach, and strategic management. The results of  the study prove the feasibility of   applying the ESG principles as  tools which ensure the sustainable development of   modern Russian oil and gas organisations based on  the ecosystem approach in  the process of   searching solutions to   increase the efficiency of  the core activities. The approach contributes to  the formation of a   specific ecosystem where within the framework of  its development strategy the efficiency of   both a   network of   technologically related organisations and organisations that produce complementary goods and provide infrastructure services to   the entire oil and gas complex is   guaranteed.

The article examines priority groups of   the population (socially vulnerable, women entrepreneurs, young and social entrepreneurs) engaged in entrepreneurial activities, including through the conclusion of a  social contract, as a   factor of   the sustainability of   regional economies. The article is   aimed at  analysing the regional structure of   these population groups and their support in  individual subjects. The methodology of   the study is   based on   the use of   general scientific methods (analysis, synthesis, comparison). The main results of   the work have showed that supporting participation of   the above-mentioned groups socially integrates them, stimulating economic growth, regional and national development. In  addition, it  increases the level of   economic competitiveness, expands entrepreneurial opportunities, and creates a  favourable climate for the successful functioning of   market entities. The scope of   application of   the results obtained during the study is   based on   the possibility of   using them while developing mechanisms for increasing the involvement of   the considered priority population groups in   order to  achieve a   given level of   sustainability of   regional economies, which also determines the prospects for further research on  this problem. The dependence of   the level of   sustainable development of   regional economies and their competitiveness on   the level of   involvement of   these groups in   entrepreneurship has been established.

At   the present stage, the issues of   sustainable development of  the Russian agricultural sector and strengthening its technical potential in  the context of   sanctions pressure are becoming especially relevant. One of   the most useful tools in   solving these problems is  leasing. The purpose of   this article is  to analyse promising directions for the development of   leasing as   the effective form of   technical support for agricultural production in  the current conditions. The study has used general scientific methods (analysis and synthesis, economic and statistical, graphical, etc.). The main trends now emerging in   the domestic market are highlighted from the point of  view of  manufacturers of   agricultural machinery and goods. With consideration to  the current situation in   the domestic market, decreased prices for agricultural products and rapid growth of   prices for agricultural machinery, the most promising areas for the use of  leasing mechanisms have been proposed to   help accelerate technical re-equipment in   the agricultural sector: application of   leasing solutions in   the agricultural industry that have already been tested and proven successful in   other market segments (for example, subscription, agrocarsharing, etc.); combination of   leasing mechanisms with trade-in programmes which make it  possible to  comprehensively solve issues not only of   updating machinery and tractor fleet, but also of  recycling worn-out agricultural equipment; use of   leasing mechanisms for the development of  machine and technological complexes as a   modern form of  joint use of   machinery in  agriculture which allows accelerating technical equipment of   the industry. The proposed directions can help ensure systemic development and quicken the technical re-equipment of   the Russian agricultural sector.

This article is  devoted to  identifying the features of   the  еastern liquefied natural gas (hereinafter referred to   as LNG) markets and new opportunities for entering them. The purpose of   this article is  to study the problems of   LNG producing companies entering the еastern markets and ways to   overcome them. The work analyses the current state of   the  еastern LNG markets and their development prospects,   existing barriers, including those caused by  the conflict in   the Middle East, and possible consequences of   the escalation of   the conflict. The authors consider the issues of   developing localised infrastructure and technological solutions that increase the efficiency of   supply chains, meet specific market needs and provide a  competitive advantage in   the  еastern markets. Logframe and comparative analysis, systems approach, and modelling have been used in   the research process. As a   result, the study has identified a  number of  challenges for LNG producers, primarily related to   geopolitical complexities, regulatory environment, and market development dynamics, to   innovations, ecological norms, and understanding regional tensions that may impact supply chains and trade agreements. The findings of  the article can be   used when domestic companies develop strategies to  enter the  еastern LNG markets with existing contracts or  expand them.

The purpose of  the article is   to study the opportunities of   innovative development of  the Russian oil and gas complex amid current challenges. The subject of   the article is   modern features of  functioning of   the Russian oil and gas sector. As a   methodology, it  is necessary to   high-light the analysis of   Internet resources and articles relevant to   the research topic, statistical data, their synthesis and generalisation. Among the main results of   the work we  will indicate structuring sanctions in   terms of   the direction of   impact on  innovation activities, identifying opportunities and prospects for innovative development of   companies in   the oil and gas sector in   the current conditions. The results obtained can be  applied as  part of   assessing the prospects with consideration to  the modern situation and in  the educational process. The directions for further research on a  given topic include studying the operating features of   companies of   various sizes during their activities as   well as   identifying the most effective technological designs that can be   used in   the industry, including domestic ones. We   have made the following main conclusions. Firstly, the impact of   the sanctions is   aimed largely at  the technological development of   oil and gas companies. Secondly, the prohibitive measures have stimulated the use and implementation of  domestic innovations. Thirdly, the application of   new decisions makes it  possible to  optimise the processes of   the technological development, including those that until recently were determined to   be unprofitable. Fourthly, innovations help to  increase the number of  organisations in  the oil and gas sector by   involving small-sized companies whose activities cover a  minor segment that is  not attractive to  large corporations.

The article examines the change in  the direction of   foreign economic activity (hereinafter referred to  as FEA) of   the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to  as RF, Russia) in   the current conditions of  growing anti-Russian sanctions. The relevance of   the study lies in  assessing transformations in  the FEA vector of   Russia in  the context of   expansion of  these sanctions, initially introduced in   2014, and their strengthening after the start of   the special military operation in  Ukraine in  2022. The purpose of   the article is   to explore causes, directions, and consequences of  the changing vector amid the growing restrictions. The subject of  the study is   current directions of   the FEA and their transformation under the influence of   the anti-Russian sanctions. The objectives of  the article include: analysis of  the present Russian FEA vectors; consideration of  factors determining their change; modern trends in   the foreign trade activities of   the RF; assessment of   promising directions of   the transformation in   the Russian FEA; assessment of   the impact of   the anti-Russian sanctions on  the structure and vectors of   Russia’s foreign trade activities; influence of   the restrictions on   the country’s banking sector. The study is  based on   the analysis of   the legislative framework on   the Russian FEA, relevant publications on  the FEA and statistical information from the Federal Customs Service of   the RF. The article considers the main provisions of   the modern regulatory framework governing the FEA, foreign trade turn-over of   Russia with friendly and unfriendly countries. In  conclusion, the article notes the process of   transformation of  the Russian FEA which consists of   its reorientation to   states that did not support sanctions against Russia and further development of   foreign economic relations with the countries of   the Eurasian Economic Union, Shanghai Cooperation Organisation, BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa), and other friendly states.

The article lists the categories that can be  considered as  taxation instruments. It   is proposed to   regard tax burden as  the main instrument of   tax policy for realising sustainable development of   the country. It   is concluded that in   practice the consequences of   its increase and decrease can be   difficult to  predict. One of   the reasons lies in  the fact that financial decisions of   companies are influenced not so   much by  the size of  the tax burden as   by the change in  profitability provoked by   it. The comparison of   the tax burden and profitability indicators for all sectors of  the Russian economy has been conducted. The correlation of   the profitability (profitability of   goods sold and profitability of   assets) and the tax burden indicators by  industries of  the Russian economy has been calculated. The results are ambiguous: it  is concluded that there is   no connection between the environmental friendliness of   the type of   activity and the interdependence between the industry indicators of   the tax burden and profitability. It   has been found that not only the tax burden, but also the level of   profitability are differentiated by  industry. The classification of   economic activities by  the degree of   environmental friendliness is   proposed: directly affecting the environment, associated with the impact on   it, associated with indicators of  environmental safety, activities that have no  direct connection with the environment.

The sanctions imposed on the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to  as  RF, Russia) have most significantly affected high-tech sectors of   the economy. In   these conditions, it   is necessary to   solve a   number of  problems, including import substitution, the transition to   the Industry 4.0 concept and low-carbon production and consumption. The need of   participation in   solving these problems is   substantiated not only for large, but also for small and medium-sized businesses (hereinafter referred to   as SMB). The current state and prospects for the development of   small and medium-sized enterprises (hereinafter referred to   as SME) in   Russia are analysed. The article emphasises the discrepancy between the modern state of   the domestic SME and its potential capabilities , in   particular the insufficient participation of  this business in  production activities. The problems of   SMB and its risks related to   the current geopolitical situation are indicated. Ways of   overcoming similar problems in   other countries experiencing sanctions pressure, as   well as  the efforts of   the RF   to   minimise losses of   the Russian SMB, are shown. It   is noted that the implementation of   the national project “Small and medium-sized entrepreneurship and support for individual entrepreneurial initiative” does not solve all the problems of  the SME. As  promising areas for the SMB development, it  is proposed to   strengthen its cooperation with big business, modify the “Grow a   Supplier” programme, and intensify work on  targeted training of   personnel for subjects of   small and medium-sized manufacturing entrepreneurship in   the country’s universities with participation of   the big business. The ways to   ensure the sustainability of   the domestic manufacturing business, possible in   modern conditions, are considered.

Every year, Russian companies are using ESG (environmental, social, governance) ratings more actively as a  tool to   increase their investment attractiveness. At   the same time, there are no   clear standards in   the world and domestic practice that should be   considered when forming these ratings. In   this regard, the ESG methodologies presented on   the Russian market are based on  extremely subjective criteria and approaches to  their assessment. This can lead to   dramatically different results of   the ESG ratings from different  analytical agencies. In   order to  verify this fact, the authors of   the article have conducted a   study the essence of  which is  to calculate and further compare the S-criterion based on   the methodologies of   several large Russian analytical agencies providing ESG assessment services. This approach has allowed us   to assess in   practice the degree of   differences that underlie the formation of   the ESG methodologies. The result of   the work is   that the results of  the S-components of   the domestic ESG agencies are highly similar, which has not confirmed the hypothesis made by  the authors. Despite the fact that each of   the ESG methodologies ha   included different, often dissimilar indicators, the result of  the study has revealed their remarkable efficiency and consistency with each other. Contrary to   the concerns of  regulators and researchers, the results of  the agency ratings show a  high degree of   mutual similarity. Further research should be   aimed at  evaluating the E   and G   components of  the ESG ratings of  the Russian analytical agencies, and at   summarising the findings obtained for the final refutation or  acceptance of   the made hypothesis.

Since agriculture is  an important sector of   the Russian economy, the problem of   lack of   capital in   this industry is   still relevant. The article shows that the effective functioning of  agricultural enterprises in   modern conditions of a  dynamic and rapidly changing business environment in  the long term depends on  the development of   new and more advanced approaches to   investment planning. The problem of  the study is   related to   the absence or   imperfection of   strategic management of   investment policy at  many enterprises in   the agricultural sector, which leads to   their difficult financial situation, slows down their development and reduces competitiveness. The main purpose of   the presented research is  to form proposals for improving the strategic planning model by  developing and implementing investment strategies of   enterprises of   the agro-industrial complex (hereinafter referred to   as AIC). In   the course of   the study, a   review of   domestic and foreign literature has been conducted reflecting the issues of   the investment planning. Within the framework of   the modern approach to  the problem, the following research methods are used in   the article: literature analysis, classification, comparative analysis, description, observation, and statistical method. Special attention in  the methodology is   paid to   the digital transformation of   the investment activity of  the AIC in   Russia and the world. The author substantiates that the modern strategy of   attracting investments in   the AIC enterprises should radically differ from previous approaches and be  implemented with consideration to   the development of   the information technology market. It   is necessary that this approach facilitates the transition of   the Russian AIC to   the formats of   “Agriculture 4.0” and “Agriculture 5.0”.

The research purpose is   to study the problems of  accounting and analytical support for profit management of the company on the basis of  the organisation of  сost and income accounting in  the context of  consumer groups. In  connection with the growth of   the share of   expenditures for promotion of   products to   the market and service, in  the work, the necessity of   сreating management accounting in   terms of   consumers being the company’s clients has been substantiated. Identification of   them as  objects will allow to  determine who causes the greatest costs of an economic entity, but does not bring enough profit, so   is not profitable. The possibilities of   such accounting have been examined to   achieve the objective of  strategic client assessment. The organisation stages of   the management accounting for consumers have been allocated, including ways of  grouping them for further analysis. The factors that determine the value of   clients for an  economic entity have been identified. The dependence of   the level of   the company’s costs on   the types of   activities related to   consumer service has been substantiated. Recommendations have been made on   the use of   intensive, operational, and temporary cost drivers to   allocate expenditures among consumer groups and determine their profitability for the company. The article offers the application of   a   client assessment matrix in  order to   identify strategically important consumers and those with whom it   is not worth maintaining long-term relations. In  conclusion, the possibilities of   using data of   the consumer accounting for management purposes are given.

In  the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to  as RF, Russia), which is  a  federal state with a  three-level budget system, it  is assumed that there is   tax potential at   all levels: federal, regional, and local. With the help of  taxes, the financial basis of   local governments is  formed and the socio-economic development of   municipalities is  ensured. In   developed countries, municipal budgets are formed mainly from the taxes assigned to   them. In   Russia, they continue to  remain the most problematic link in  the country’s budget system. The purpose of   the article is   to study the influence of  the taxes assigned to   local budgets on   the formation of   the tax potential of   the municipalities. Objectives are the following: analysis and assessment of   revenues of   the Russian local budgets in  dynamics, justification of  directions for increasing the tax potential. The methodological basis of   the research is   founded on a  systematic approach, within which the following methods have been used: analysis and synthesis, generalisation, grouping, tabular method, etc. The research has found that over the past years, with the introduction of  the Tax Code of   the RF, problems of   insufficient tax and non-tax revenues remain for most municipalities, low level of   the tax potential and predominance of   interbudgetary transfers in  their budgets are current. Due to  the increasing centralisation of   the tax revenues, the degree of   dependence of   the municipalities on   the federal centre is  high. Without actually enhancing the tax potential of   the municipalities, the development of   the regional economy is   impossible. The re -search results can be   used in   practice when developing economic policy for municipal development.

This article discusses one of  the most effective methods of  financing investments in  fixed assets through loans or   bonds. The mechanism of   green financing is a   tool that can attract part of   the necessary investments to   achieve ambitious goals of   the designated strategy. The ESG (environmental, social, governance) agenda has recently become one of  the most popular and widely discussed topics in   global communities, including financial ones, as   any transformation and change in   business and economic conjunctures often require a   significant amount of   investment. The largest number of   questions is   raised by   the E  (environmental) component which is   responsible for ecology, namely for ensuring decarbonisation of   economic and social processes as   well as  for adapting to   the challenges associated with the global energy transition, for protecting and multiplying natural capital, and reducing the harmful human impact on   the environment. The article also provides a   methodology for calculating the greenium that investors are willing to   pay the issuer. The main attention is   paid to a   detailed analysis of   the current state of   the green bond market and to   the process of   forming a   greenium in   the Russian green finance market which will help investors make informed decisions when choosing investments.

In   the modern world, financial markets play an   important role in   the economy and people’s lives. They provide access to   financial resources and are also a   source of   profit for many companies. However, instability in  the financial markets can lead to   serious consequences such as   financial crises and loss of   investor confidence. In   this regard, modelling the financial market dynamics becomes increasingly relevant. This work considered the use of   fuzzy mathematics for this purpose. Fuzzy mathematics is a   branch of   mathematics that studies methods and algorithms for dealing with fuzzy data and fuzzy objects. It   allows to   consider uncertainty and incompleteness of  information, which is  especially important in  the financial markets where data is   often incomplete and inaccurate. The purpose of   this research is   to establish the relationship between financial asset prices while using behavioural factors (investor sentiment), fundamental (market returns), and microstructural ones (company size, ratio of   book and market values of   the company). The application of   fuzzy mathematics in   financial modelling will improve the accuracy and reliability of   forecasts as   well as   increase the stability of   the model to   various sources of  uncertainty.

The purpose of  the article is   to theoretically comprehend the essence of   big data, identify the advantages and risks of   its use by   financial organisations. The article presents the results of   systematisation of   knowledge about the nature and features of  the big data. It  has been revealed that the technology makes it   possible to  do better analytical research, create models for forecasting economic trends and market changes, study market dynamics, analyse medical data to  improve diagnosis and choice of   treatment methods, predict failure or  breakdown of   equipment in  production by   assessing data from sensors, develop social and economic programmes at   the state level, identify fraud and corruption in   the financial sector, etc. The relevance of   the rapid development of  the big data technology and the expediency of   its use in   this sphere is   substantiated. As a   result of   the analysis of   scientific literature, the author’s definition of   the technology in  the financial sector is   presented. Its novelty lies in  considering the features and advantages of   applying the big data by   financial organisations. The study of   the modern practice of   their usage in   these institutions has revealed the main strengths and disadvantages of   the technology in   question.

This article discusses the transformation of   the system of   attracting investments in  startups. The process of   finding an  investor for a   startup has had a   difficult path of  formation in   recent years. An  entrepreneur’s interest in   different sources of   investment is  associated with determining their possibilities for implementing the chosen business idea. For various purposes, businesses need different types of  investments: loans, credits, sale of   shares or   stocks. The search for an   investor for a   startup and their attraction is   associated with specific requirements for an  entrepreneur, which are practically not written about in  the media and advertised. The article focuses on   the types of   finance involved in   business. The issues of  the difference between grant financing of a   startup and the process of   searching and attracting an   investor are raised, since the requirements from the grantee fundamentally change the requirements for specialists who should be  involved in   the work and the requirements for maintaining the financial stability of  an organisation. The authors also consider the professional platforms for investors that have developed in   Russia and the forms of   investment relations: in   exchange for receiving a   share of   profits; in   exchange for a   share of   the proceeds.

The article examines the problems of  such a   social phenomenon as  bullying among youth. The issue of   relationships in a   group, especially during the period of   maturing and active development of  personality, is  very relevant. These relationships are not always constructive and aimed at   cooperation: there are often situations of   aggression that accompany the communication process in  the group. One type of   such aggressive behaviour is  bullying, the manifestations of   which are studied in   this work. The authors have conducted a   research using a  quantitative method (questionnaire survey in  82 constituent entities of   the Russian Federation) and qualitative methods (focus groups and project sessions). The most common forms of   bullying have been identified. The authors have determined the subjects that, according to   the respondents, should provide assistance to   victims of  bullying and the provocateurs of   bullying (among whom are not only aggressors, but also victims). At   the same time, as   the research results show, new questions have arisen regarding the issue of   the phenomenon, both terminological (what does modern youth understand by  bullying) and socio-psychological (what are the similarities and differences between the aggressor, provocateur, victim), which will be   solved at   the next research stages.

The article considers the current topic of  interaction between public administration and mass media in   the context of   digitalisation.  Digitalisation is   defined as a   glob -al trend changing socio-political reality. The concepts of   “mass media” and “mass communication” are analysed in   detail, and the features of  their cooperation while expanding digital audience are revealed. In  the realities of   the 21st century, when digita lisation has a   significant impact, the state transforms its functions, starting to   actively interact with society and citizens, creating equal relations in   the updated political system. An  important link that unites information is   mass media which closely cooperates with state authorities and the entire management system. Through the media, government agencies coordinate the efforts of   various social groups and organisations without coercion, defining the main directions and strategies of   socio-political initiatives and actions. The article highlights the use of   the mass media as a   political tool and a   way to  organise a  dialogue between the state and civil society. It  also analyses the influence of   the mass media as   the fourth branch of   government. The author concludes that it   is necessary to   comprehensively study the problem of   interaction between public administration and mass media for more effective functioning of   both institutions. This means that in   the context of   digitalisation, there is a   need to   consider changes in   the media sphere and develop new approaches to   media policy, given modern challenges and trends.

The article considers the correlation of   the concepts of   pathology, deviation and mutation based on   the theoretical content from the list of   references. Deviation is   not always purely negative. We  prove this through H. Becker’s work “Outsiders”. Social groups create rules, and deviants are not able to   obey the accepted norms and become outsiders. We   have called this approach sociocul-tural. The approach described in  V.N. Zheleznyak’s monograph through the prism of   rationalistic philosophy is  more difficult to  understand and present the phenomenon of   deviation. The main idea that is   revealed in  the author’s narrative is  as follows: the classical epistemology of   rationalism is  the mind’s report on   its self-improvement. Through the socio-biological approach, deviation is   considered with the help of   the prism of   the evolutionary theory and influence of   mutations on  development. If  we study mutations of   the social life of   society, then we  can call this system a  socio-cultural mutation. The last approach was the physiological (anthropological) one. From its points of  view, it   is said about a   difference in  the origin of  the races of   people, hence the likely deviation. S.V. Savelyev in   his lecture material has considered the social evolution of   the human brain with the help of   the anthropological approach. Here we   can impose the phenomenon of   deviation on  the author’s theses, as   if describing behaviour through the anthropological differences.

The identified contradictions arisen in  the context of   geopolitical changes have led to  the need to   study the issue of  the relationship between the psychology of   stress and choice of  educational trajectory based on   the value-semantic aspect, which in   turn has become the subject of   research when choosing an   educational trajectory at a  university. The purpose is  aimed at  resolving the indicated contradictions through identifying the characteristics of   the value-semantic aspect of   students that influence their choice. The research methodology is   established on   the methods and principles that set the structure and ways to   resolve the stated contradictions in  order to  achieve the goal. Based on a   theoretical study of   the problem of   the stress influence on  humans, various approaches are considered. These approaches are meaningful for the student as  they minimise the negative impact on   their physical and mental health. They are viewed from different angles and different points of   view as a   coping strategy and stress resistance. An  empirical study of   the relationship between the psychology of   student stress and value-semantic choice of  an educational trajectory at a   university is   presented in   the dynamics of   changes of   this choice and with some statements from students confirming the conclusions formulated. In   conclusion, a  generalisation is  given and the minimum is   stated that should be   considered when choosing an   educational path based on   each participant’s own meaning and values in   order to  reduce stress in  any activity.

The article presents the results of   studying the influence of  socio-psychological personality traits of   highly qualified dancers and their assessment of   dyadic coping on   the subjective level of   satisfaction with interpersonal relationships in  dance couples. The purposes of   the research are aimed at   identifying specific personality traits of   dancers and their coping strategies that have a   positive impact on  the process of   intraparty interpersonal communication. The research also involves an   empirical analysis and identification of   the features of   this influence. The following diagnostic tools have been used: the authors’ modified version of   the questionnaire of  satisfaction with marriage by   V.V. Stolin, T.A. Romanova and G.P. Butenko, the Dyadic Coping Inventory by   G. Bodenmann in  the adaptation of   T.L. Kryukova, O.A. Ekimchik and the five-factor personality questionnaire, 5PFQ, by   H. Tsuji in  the adaptation of   A.B. Khromov. Such socio-psychological personality qualities of  female dancers have been revealed as  extroversion, emotional stability, and practicality, which have the greatest influence on  subjectively high level of   satisfaction with relationships in  representatives of  both sexes. It  is stated that among all copings of  dyadic interaction delegated coping (in the direction of a  young man) and coping of   support from both partners impact the high level of   satisfaction with the existing interpersonal relations most. Further study of   the socio-psychological determinants of  interpersonal communication between all participants of   the dance and sports process is a   promising line of   research.