The publication reflects the results of research on economic security issues at the level of administrative center of the subject of the Russian Federation in the context of the development of the “smart city” system. Cutting-edge technologies are becoming a powerful engine of transformation, including the energy sector. Development of smart cities and digitalization of services require reorganization of the energy business, search of new innovative opportunities and the development of new strategies, the final result of which will be the creation of new business models for energy suppliers. As a result of largescale statistics and practical cases analysis the main (specific) smart risks, smart challenges and smart threats for the economic security system of the largest city have been classified, recommendations to modify existing business models for Russian energetic industry have been offered.

The methods of increasing the level of competitiveness of the Russian Federation in the world through sustainable development of human capital have been studied. The analysis of the most considerable indicators in the social and economic development of Russia and other leading economies in order to understand the current place and role of the Russian economy in the world society has been presented. Based on the analysis a number of reasons influencing on the further development of the Russian economy, taking into account the more active use of human capital in the global structure of the economy, has been revealed. The result of the study was to identify the weakest issues of the Russian economic structure including the fundamental difficulties in the development of human capital. At the end of the article, the main recommendations for fixing the identified problems have been given.

The publication presents primary materials and intermediate conclusions of the author`s fundamental research aimed at establishing a correlation between the diversity and effectiveness of management organization. The relevance of identifying this ratio increases dramatically with the development and implementation of digitalization management programs, which inevitably formalize, unify and ultimately limit the allocation, mobilization and use of impact resources. The most contrasted studied relationships are distinguished, analysed and evaluated using examples of the development and implementation of crisis management strategies and tactics, which are manifested in clear and widely discussed situations of domestic and foreign practice in the development, adoption and implementation of targeted impacts. The publication presents a statement of the problem, the study and solution of which is offered by it for a wide and diverse discussion in the professional scientific environment.

The process of forming the image of a civil servant should be carried out in two directions: influencing the external environment – public opinion, using the media, and the internal environment – the formation of a personal image. The rationale for the need to form a stable positive image of a civil servant has been presented in the article. The most popular image formation technologies, their concepts, characteristics and goals, as well as their application methods have been considered. The use of image formation technologies has been studied on the example of Russian civil servants at the Federal and regional levels, as well as civil service and military service. The features of the direction in forming the image of each of these types have been analysed.

A study of the problematic issues of strategic management in Russian industry which arise during the digitalization of high-tech industries has been conducted. The research methodology was analytical in nature, with the author`s emphasis on the analysis of business process management of industrial enterprises in Russia at the current stage of transition to the digital economy. In practical terms, this will serve as the basis for creating effective tools for modernizing production processes and optimizing business processes in high-tech industries, based on the use of strategic analysis methods on management issues in the context of complex industrial digitalization. The novelty and scientific value of the work lies in the fact that the result of the study was a reasonable author’s approach to studying the specifics of the digital economy in Russian industry, as well as the development of an algorithm for identifying and solving existing problems of digitalization, taking into account the peculiarities of high-tech industries.

The main trends have been described and the system characteristics of intellectual production have been presented: customization of products, integration of the product and the service it provides, the transition to integrated solutions and services, mass personification while reducing the share of costs per unit of output and customer waiting time for an order. The key components of the transformation of business management models in the fourth industrial revolution have been identified. Cross-correlation and regression analysis for indicators of high-tech production have been made. A basic, optimistic and pessimistic forecast of changes in the share of high-tech and technology products in the gross domestic product, depending on the growth of high-performance jobs, has been built. The analysis of the development of intellectual production presented in the article, as well as the results of modeling can be used in the construction of forecast trends of the economy in the transition to the fourth industrial revolution.

Some aspects of digital transformation as a component of industry 4.0. have been analysed. The distinctive features of past industrial revolutions have been shown through historical retrospect. The characteristics of current changes in the development of the economy, related to the global industrial Internet infrastructure, Big Data, cloud technologies, machine learning (Machine Learning), artificial intelligence, acting as drivers of changes have been noticed. Special attention has been paid to the consideration of the sharing economy (sharing economy). The sharing economy in Russia and abroad has been analysed, and also most popular types of solutions for the sharing economy have been given, presented by structure: solution / description / examples of foreign sites / examples of Russian sites. It has been concluded about the stability of the trend for the development of the shared economy.

The definitions the concepts of “innovations” and “innovation process” have been adduced, general assessment of the position of the Russian Federation in the world in terms of investment in scientific and technical research and developments (R & D) has been given, the most investment areas in terms of the volume of expenditures on scientific and technical research and development (R & D) have been highlighted . Key arguments that justify the need for innovative development of the pharmaceutical industry in Russia have been presented. The state and structure of the pharmaceutical market in Russia have been considered, the factors of transition of the pharmaceutical industry to an innovative course of development have been specified. Clear results of the implementation of the strategy for the development of the pharmaceutical industry until 2020 have been emphasized. Examples of implementation of the innovation management mechanism at the level of a separate domestic company Biocad have been given.

The issues related to the use of RFID technology in the supply chains of the fashion industry have been considered. The prospects of using this technology in the supply chains of the fashion industry are related to a number of features that characterize the industry. Such features include a high product range and its rapid turnover, rapid changes in purchasing preferences, and the need to respond quickly to changes in consumer demand. Traditionally, RFID technology is used to identify data in warehouse logistics or company distribution system, but the scope of application of this technology in the fashion industry is constantly expanding. The technology can be used to increase the transparency and security of supply chains, marketing research and in other areas. It has been also emphasized that the joint application of RFID technology with other digital technologies, such as blockchain, is promising. Some restrictions related to the application of technology in the industry have been also highlighted.

It has been noted that the stabilization of the environmental situation is one of the priorities of state policy. It has been emphasized that educational organizations should take into account the rapidly changing requirements for the competence of future ecologists in the modern world. Therefore, it is necessary to take a more careful approach to the content of educational programs, the choice of didactic tools and methods used in the educational process. Specialist in the field of ecology must have the knowledge of the whole cycle of Humanities and Natural Sciences, General professional and, definitely, special disciplines. In addition, in the context of rapidly changing realities, the training of future specialists involves not only ensuring professional development of the individual, but also the successful use of competitive advantages within the boundaries of the digital space.

The purpose of the study is to analyse the system of attracting young professionals to the modern companies in order to reveal their potential. The relevance has been substantiated and the advantages of this area have been noted in the article. The ability of young people to learn quickly, their high adaptability to changes, readiness for additional loads and business trips, flexibility and mobility have been noticed. The importance of building the system “school – university – organization” has been considered. The main options for recruiting young specialists have been highlighted: selection for initial positions, for trainee positions, programs for selecting the best candidates. The most important motivating factors for young professionals when choosing an employer and future field of activity have been identified. The increasing role of professional growth opportunities, the importance of professional development and the possibilities to realize their potential, the availability of a social package and a convenient work schedule have been noted.

Conceptual approach to the search for sound solutions in the field of university management has been proposed. The concept of “typical control concept” has been introduced. The procedure for creating a platform for solving management problems from university practice has been suggested. Special manipulative entity as a tool for an effective approach to the implementation of university management tasks has been determined. It has been shown what digital technologies can be used to implement certain management functions. Operands of the posed problem at the initial stage of her research determined three sets: set of management functions, set of digital technologies, set of concepts. The matrix of the relationship between digital economy technologies and basic management functions has been given. Disintegrative approach to transforming university management tasks into chains of basic management functions for the use of typical management concepts has been proposed. The directions of actual work within the framework of this research have been outlined.

On the example of four micro-plots, the key theses of the economic views of the Nobel laureate S. Kuznets have been revealed. The main papers of Kuznets and his supervisor – W. K. Mitchell have been analysed, the reception of methods used by S. Kuznets in the prospect of economic theory has been traced. The reception of the mechanics of S. Kuznets’ research in modern political economy theory, referring to the research of D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson has been considered. In Appendix to this paper, a brief analysis of the political interpretation of the S. Kuznets cycle theory, proposed by D. Acemoglu and J. Robinson has presented. The research presented in the article summarizes the experience of research on economic views of S. Kuznets and emphasizes the prospect of using the author’s experiential optics.

It has been proved that the introduction of a cyclic system of professional training of specialists in economic security of enterprises and organizations contributes to increasing the efficiency of their functioning, competitiveness, financial and economic stability in the conditions of market uncertainty. It has been established that the introduction of cyclic methods of the systematic development of professional competencies of specialists of economic security must be implemented based on the results of the preliminary assessment of the internal and external environment of the enterprise, the main threats and risks posed by them. The main stages of organizing and conducting cyclical professional training have been developed, the factors contributing to the adaptation of the training system to the specifics of the enterprise have been identified, the content, essence, procedure for conducting educational and methodological activities have been described. The main restrictions and priorities in the organization and conduct of educational and methodological activities aimed at ensuring the required level of economic security of production facilities have been ascertained. The list of current and prospective tasks that need to be solved during the implementation of training activities has been defined.

The schemes of the decision-making process of an individual when consuming various goods and services using the components of economic psychology have been considered. Relevant from the point of view of economic psychology characteristics of buyer behavior that have a direct impact on his attitude to the price level of a product or service and on his reaction when the price changes for them have been presented and reviewed. The used “models” of consumer behavior of motivation, explaining not only the purchase by him of this product, but also his decision to have this product have been shown. Building models of purchase motivation allows manufacturers not only to explain consumer behavior, but also to influence it. Knowing all these nuances and skilful use of them, manufacturers have the opportunity significantly facilitate the pricing process for their goods and make a more accurate calculation of the “fair” price, which will not alienate the consumer. Two global approaches to segmentation of the consumer market have been considered, the use of which allows the manufacturer to assess the company’s competitiveness, assess the market size, and assess the customer’s commitment.

The importance of the social development of personnel in innovative economy as a decisive factor in the stability of society and improving the quality of life of both workers themselves and the entire population of the country has been defined. It has been shown that social development of staff in the organization contributes to the improvement of social and labor relations through interaction of the parties of social partnership based on the principle of tripartite cooperation and “tripartism”, and also contributes to the full development of the potential of employees and their professional competences. The main directions of social development of personnel included in the social policy of the organization have been determined in the paper. As a result of the research, priority role of cash payments and guarantees in the organization’s social responsibility strategy have been identified. At the same time, the main principle in the development of policy aimed at social development of staff should be targeted consideration of the needs of employees. The principle of targeting to determine the level of staff satisfaction should be the main one for evaluating the effectiveness of work in this direction. In addition, the authors point to the need to use modeling and forecasting the prospects of social innovations in order to achieve sustainable development in the long term.

The purpose of the article is to show that the innovation development of the economy, being the subject of research of evolutionary economic theory, occurs mainly in the switching mode, and therefore is organically linked with the so-called switching mode of reproduction, which is currently being intensively developed at the Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences. For representatives of the Orthodox Economic Science, all subjects are homogeneous, that is, they are characterized by rational behavior, the intention to maximize profits and the striving for equilibrium states. Evolutionary economists consider this homogeneity to be far from obvious. They pay primary attention to innovative development as a process of qualitative changes, distinguish subjects who implement qualitative changes and subjects who do not, but rather counteract changes. The concept of a switching mode of reproduction is based on a fundamentally different methodological prerequisite and therefore is a development of both evolutionary and orthodox economic theory.

The issues of forming personnel capacity in the Republic of Tajikistan, in the context of the launch of the first Bank providing services in accordance with the principles of Islamic Finance have been considered. For the purpose of a comprehensive assessment of the situation, the experience of individual countries in this area of activity, as well as the experience of previous research, ware studied. Conclusions about the state and prospects of development of the Islamic banking system in the current conditions, as well as a description of a number of measures, the implementation of which will ensure the acceleration of formation of the necessary personnel capacity in the Republic of Tajikistan have been given. In particular, the proposed measures address the issues of creating a competitive personnel training system, improving the quality of banking services provided and customer satisfaction.

Recently, the role of social responsibility in forming a company’s business reputation and achieving success in the market has been increasing. Many Russian corporations interact with non-profit organizations when implementing programs and projects in various spheres, including social, economic, and environmental. Based on the analysis of non-financial reporting of Russian corporations, joint programs of the commercial and non-commercial sectors on the example of four companies, operating in various sectors of the economy: PJSC “ Oil Company “Rosneft”, PJSC “VTB Bank”, PJSC “Mining and Metallurgical Company “Norilsk Nickel”, and PJSC “Rostelecom” have been described in the article. The result of this partnership is raising efficiency of social activities of companies, increasing their contribution to solving socially significant problems, improving the welfare of society, protecting the environment, and as a consequence, increasing the level of social responsibility of Russian business as a whole.

Russian economy is in dire need of “long” money, the source of which may be the population’s investments in securities market instruments. Bonds seem to be a real alternative to bank deposits and an optimal investment tool from a position of risk and return. Taxation system of investment incomes is one of the key problems hindering the investment activity of the population. Sound tax policy will not only contribute to a change in the investment priorities of Russian citizens but will also lead to the development of financial markets and exchange infrastructure.Changes to the tax system, as well as an assessment of the benefits for the investor and the budget have been proposed in the article.

The problem of macroeconomic equilibrium as a theoretical basis for monetary policy has been considered. In this regard, the concept of long-term equilibrium and money neutrality has been criticized. The position on the non-equilibrium nature of economic development has been supported. As a result, it has been concluded that it is impossible to switch to a neutral monetary policy, and therefore to establish a neutral key rate. The interest theory of K. Wicksell, his concepts of monetary and natural interest rates has been characterized. The futility of attempts to quantify the neutral interest rate has been shown. It has been concluded that the absence of radical changes in monetary policy carries with it the risk of permanent economic stagnation.

The concept of “blogger” as an integral and important part of “influence marketing”, as well as techniques and examples of competent work with the segment and advertising integration on the example of Russian blogger Dmitry “Goblin” Puchkov has been considered. The marketing mechanisms that the brand generally uses when attracting bloggers to promote the product have been reviewed. A number of methods of competent work of blogger Dmitry “Goblin” Puchkov with a male target audience has been highlighted, the resources on which he carries out his activities and the content contained on them have been considered. Recommendations to marketers aimed at an adult male audience for the successful development of channels with subsequent placement of advertising content have been given.

The article is devoted to the analysis of the results of the study of the ethnic identity of South Ossetians who have the citizenship of the Republic of South Ossetia and dual citizenship (the Republic of Southt Ossetia and the Russian Federation). It has been shown that the respondents’ ethnic identity is relevant and significant, which is accompanied by a positive value image of their ethnos and a positive attitude to its culture and history, which they try to preserve, traditions and norms of behavior adopted in it, as well as high satisfaction with membership in their ethno-cultural community with a pronounced need for identification with it and consolidation. The paper presents statistically reliable results of comparative analysis of indicators of ethnic identity of South Ossetians depending on citizenship: of the Republic of South Ossetia or dual (the Republic of South Ossetia and the Russian Federation).

The beginning of the 18th century, the era of the transformations of Peter I, which affected many spheres of the life of Russian society, and, in particular, the restructuring of the upper political elite, were predetermined by the dynamics of the socio-economic and political processes of the XVII century. In other words, in the past changes it is necessary to highlight the objective component, separating it from the subjective characteristics of political figures of a particular historical era and, in particular, the personality of Emperor Peter I. An analysis of the peculiarities of the development of the highest political elite in the XVII century, in the era preceding the Peter the Great’s reforms has been given in the article. It is necessary to be aware of what its portrait was like at the beginning of the transformations, what processes formed it in this way. This allows you to evaluate what are the objective prerequisites for the reformatory actions of Peter I, and what kind of systemic resistance they objectively had to face.

Currently, much attention in the field of higher education is paid to the problems of the third stage – postgraduate education. The main problems are: reducing the awarding of scientific degrees, decreasing the reproduction of the personnel capacity of higher school and scientific activities. The purpose of the paper is to study the trajectories of postgraduate education, based on the data of empirical research “Professional trajectories of postgraduate students” at the Dubna State University and at the “National Research University “Higher School of Economics”. The main methods were a sociological survey and analysis of secondary information. Based on the results of the study, a portrait of a modern postgraduate student has been compiled. Two identical studies produced mostly different results. This suggests that there is a need for such research.

The evolution of landowners ‘ ownership rights to land and peasants in Russia of the XVII century has been considered. Throughout the century, there has been a tendency to strengthen local land ownership in Russia, which was expressed in the legal and actual merger of the patrimony and the estate, in the attachment of peasants to the owner and the introduction of an indefinite search and return of fugitive peasants. At the same time, the mandatory life-long service of the nobility remained an unshakeable condition for strengthening local land ownership. The rights of landlords in relation to the peasants were strengthened, but their relatively legitimate basis remained service in the army. Meanwhile, in the second half of the century, the modernization of the armed forces gradually unfolded, pushing the noble cavalry and transferring the service to a monetary salary.

The problems faced by teachers in the conditions of forced transition to distance learning due to the pandemic COVID-19 have been analysed, when interaction with students was carried out only with the use of information technologies. The advantages and disadvantages of organizing training sessions using various educational platforms have been highlighted: Zoom, Microsoft Office 365, Skype. Psychological and pedagogical barriers that affect the perception of educational material by students, the performance of the teacher and student, including the effectiveness of educational interaction between them, have been considered. The problems of organizing and conducting intermediate certification in remote access have been emphasized: difficulties in identifying students ‘ identities, and the use of proctoring technologies.

The article is devoted to the issues of conflict interaction in the “pupil – teacher” system in an educational institution. The purpose of the article is to consider the voiced problem through the prism of a socio-pedagogical approach, taking into account not only the state of society, but also the educational potential of the family, as well as the structure of the class team and the personal age characteristics of schoolchildren. Special attention has been paid to the negative side of the conflict, which affects the weak psyche of the pupil, as well as the mental health of the teacher, which ultimately worsens the psychological comfort at school and interferes the educational process. It has been shown that in conflict situation teacher`s behavior in most cases relates to such types of response as “repressive measures” and “ignoring the conflict”. In conflict situations in the “pupil – teacher” system, teachers use external suppression, as well as apply sanctions. Conflicts in the “pupil – teacher” system from the point of view of age characteristics of schoolchildren have been considered. The article is intended for employees of educational organizations and those interested in conflict issues.

The issue of studying the effectiveness of advertising in popular science journals does not occupy a large place in scientific research. This state of affairs is challenging, since the activities of popular science journals are aimed at attracting the attention and interest of young people, creative and active potential, to science issues. The effectiveness of narrative advertising as a social-psychological communication technology has been examined in the article. The research has been carried out within the framework of a semiotic approach. The results of the research of narrative advertising texts, in which young people engaged in scientific activities and young people whose professional functionality is not related to scientific research took part, have been described. The toolkit used made it possible to identify differences between the perception of narrative advertising texts by two groups of respondents and also similar trends in the perception of texts, which suggests a possibility of developing an effective advertising strategy for promoting a popular science magazine. The research results may be of interest for professionals working in the field of advertising, especially in the field of advertising of intellectual services.