CURRENT ISSUES OF MANAGEMENT
The article points out the problem of quality of interaction between the customer and the supplier of goods, works or services in the sphere of state and municipal public procurement procedures of Russian Federation. One of the manifestations of the problem is the high percentage of contract termination between procurement participants (approximately 20 % of the number of contracts concluded). The objective of the study was to suggest potential directions for improving the quality of interaction between procurement participants, against the background of considering the legal grounds for contracts termination. Based on the results of the study, the author identified the problem of lack of technics in the procurement control process, which reduce consequences of the uncertainty external environment impact and fair risk responsibility sharing of non-performing contract liabilities between the procurement participants.
The relevance of the study is due to the tasks that the President of the Russian Federation set for federal, regional and municipal authorities to grow the national and regional economy, increase its competitiveness and the effectiveness of public administration. Improving public administration and increasing its efficiency requires the development of a modern management methodology based on the introduction of a project approach. The purpose of the study is to develop practical recommendations aimed at improving the processes of project activities at the state level. The objectives of the study included reviewing the role of project activities, practices of implementing project management in the regions, identifying problems in the implementation of regional projects and programs and determining ways to solve them. The article uses graphical and tabular methods of data visualization, statistical and general scientific research methods. As a result of the study, the practice of implementing project management was analyzed in detail on the example of four regions of the Russian Federation, which were among the first to introduce the project approach and showed high practical results of project management. A special place in the study is occupied by the algorithm developed for executive authorities for the transition to a project-oriented management system, which increases the flexibility of the management structure, allows you to create an infrastructure for project activities, determine the design competencies of specialists and increase project maturity.
The COVID-19 crisis has accelerated separate megatrends and transformations not only in the social sphere, but also in the digital one in the public administration system. Information exchange, electronic participation and two-way communication using digital platforms allowed public authorities and business structures to respond promptly to the crisis in the short term. The urgency of the issues to be solved determined the adoption of measures not only in the short term prospect, but also indicated the need to develop them for the medium and long term period. The aim of the study was to analyse and systematise the set of measures taken by public authorities in different countries, in the mobilisation and crisis management of COVID-19. An important aspect of the study seems to be the identification of directions for digitalisation and further state and municipal digital services modernisation. The analysis of the measures taken by public authorities in different countries has highlighted that the policy of accelerating the digitalization of public administration and the public services provision in regions, cities and rural areas had helped to solve the social and economic problems. The regional and local measures versatility in different countries on digitalization in the medium term prospect makes it possible to form common approaches for using this experience in order to further modernize state and municipal digital services.
The article examines the existing political and economic trends: democratic and authoritarian forms of government. An attempt is made to describe the essential content of the values of democracy, as well as their implementation in the economic sphere. All this justifies the role of e-technologies only as a quantitative factor in the development of democracy. It is shown that the form of government is primarily based on personal value choice, which leads to effective or ineffective socio-political equilibrium states. It is shown that the construction of supporting democratic institutions does not implement the principles of power: service and hierarchy. Therefore, the transition to a new qualitative state is possible through education, awareness of the principles of power, their free acceptance, but cannot be carried out artificially, through a system of institutions introduced from the outside.
The article defines the criteria for the effectiveness of social management of an industrial enterprise. Some methodological approaches used in evaluating the effectiveness of social management are considered. The authors propose a methodology for determining the effectiveness of social management of an enterprise, which is based on the use of certain conditional calculated indicators and can be applied in the conditions of digitalization of the economy, and also involves implementation in several stages. The effectiveness of social management, according to the authors, must be assessed based on the results of the implementation of the social development plan developed for each enterprise. The authors recommend taking this approach to assessing the effectiveness of social management as one of the examples of the search for specific ways to create objective prerequisites and a methodological basis for studying a systematic approach to organizing work.
STRATEGIES AND INNOVATIONS
In the article, the authors investigate the problem of using unmanned aerial vehicles (drones) in company warehouses and consider their use as one of the ways to optimize the logistics business processes of companies. Technologies are considered, on the basis of which modern unmanned aerial vehicles, drone models of various companies, the main functionality of drone’s work. The authors high-light the strengths and weaknesses of unmanned aerial vehicles, key factors determining the success of the use of drones, and favorable conditions for their use in warehouses. The authors are considering the possibility of sharing drones and RFID technology. Barriers to the active introduction of drones into the logistics business processes of warehousing systems and requirements for warehouse complexes planning the use of unmanned aerial objects have been identified. Promising areas of application of technology in warehouse logistics are also considered: creation of anti-theft and fire protection systems, using drones to read CIS marks. The authors used data from analytical reports and data collected by the authors themselves, as well as empirical research methods.
The impact that the digital transformation in manufacturing has on businesses, suppliers and other third parties has increased significantly now. Digital transformation in manufacturing means improving traditional manufacturing processes with the help of digital technologies. The goal of digital transformation is to increase production efficiency and reduce costs, improve the quality of goods and services produced, and quickly adapt to changes in the global market. The state of industrial production is constantly changing due to the instability of global, economic and political decisions, so the adoption and expansion of digital solutions based on Industry 4.0, the Internet of things, machine learning and other technologies of the future is accelerating. With the help of these technologies, industrial companies are trying to change approaches and find new ways to solve problems. As practice shows, mining and metallurgical companies lag behind other industries in the field of digital transformation, although they have great potential. This lag behind mainly due to the risks associated with the transformation and development of new digital production technologies, while it is possible to adhere to traditional and proven methods of work.
In the context of digitalisation, the transformation of the educational process is inevitable and is a priority issue for any country that wants to maintain or improve its position on the world stage. The article presents a comparative analysis of digital competencies and the possibility of their implementation in the higher education system in Russia. The comparison of the formulated competencies in the methodology approved by the Order of the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation No. 41 dated January 24, 2020, as well as the International Telecommunication Union and other European organisations is considered. The descriptors (knowledge, skills and abilities) of graduates in various fields who, in the era of digitalisation, must have the necessary digital competencies are identified. Today, professional standards, even in the humanities, define the requirements for technical and computer skills. The article proposes formulations of universal competencies in the higher education system based on the analysis.
The article substantiates the need to use digital marketing tools to promote Russian educational services to the international educational market. The concept of a marketing information campaign to promote educational services in foreign countries is proposed, which provides for the use of channels and means of interaction with target groups to form an attractive image of the higher education system and encourage foreign applicants to enroll in Russian universities. Conclusions are formulated about the inclusion in the list of works on the development of the information component of the brand promotion of Russian universities of measures for search SEO optimization of university sites, more active use of SMM tools, the use of targeted, contextual advertising, positioning and placement of information on foreign Internet portals.
DEVELOPMENT OF INDUSTRY AND REGIONAL MANAGEMENT
The paper reveals the prospects for the development of end-to-end design when creating innovative automotive equipment with consumer properties that contribute to the successful promotion of the manufactured product in the market of goods and services. A description of the structure and functions of the system is given, which is based on the modeling of a human-machine system in order to obtain optimal indicators of consumer properties of the design object. A description of the methodology for determining the normalized indicators of consumer qualities using a database of 18 car brands, for which 15 expert assessments were obtained for each car. The differential and integral types of analysis used in the study make it possible to identify weaknesses and strengths for any brand of car. The research results are intended to create a car with the best handling and safety indicators, ensuring high competitiveness, which is very relevant in today’s realities. It should also be noted that this study of quality criteria can become the basis for the creation of innovative products in the automotive industry.
The article presents the results of a study of the dynamics of the main indicators of the socio-economic development of the federal districts of Russia for the period 2005–2020, which caused the presence of problems associated with the uneven spatial development of the country and correlated with the standard of living of the population. It is shown that the excessive unevenness of the economic development of regions has the most negative effect on their social condition. As part of the study, the analysis of socio-economic indicators in the context of federal districts was carried out on the basis of statistical data from Rosstat, which ensured their comparability for different periods of observation. Long-term trends have been identified, indicating a steady increase in the level of differentiation of a number of indicators between federal districts. The study allowed us to identify three groups of federal districts of Russia, showing: accelerated growth of indicators of socio-economic development above the average level in Russia; relatively insignificant growth rates; the increasing decline in indicators.
Existing trends are pushing for the emergence of new approaches in the organization of congress and exhibition events, the work of exhibition complexes in Russia and the world. The development of the industry is aimed at introducing a hybrid format of participation, which emphasizes the potential and importance of exhibitions for the restoration of the economic state of the state. The congress and exhibition industry plays the role of a locomotive for industrial, technological, economic, scientific and innovative directions. The successful functioning of the industry is important for achieving a synergistic effect on the socio-economic development of the state and regions. Through congress and exhibition events, the state receives an additional source of income for the federal and regional budgets. Based on the research of the Russian Union of Exhibitions and Fairs, in Russia, congress and exhibition events generate about 3.2 trillion rubles or 3 % of the state’s GDP.
The purpose of the article is to identify the tasks and problems of city transport systems in modern conditions. Urban transport should solve the following tasks: equal access to the population to vehicles, the possibility of planning the time of traveling inside the city, ensuring environmental safety from the use of vehicles, creating the conditions for the availability of transport services at their cost, security and comfort, as well as ensure transport services for the business subjects at minimal economic costs. In the process of applying analytical research methods, urgent problems of urban transport were identified and areas of solving these problems were proposed. Electric transport is really economically more profitable in large cities and in urban agglomerations with high population density, when there is no urgent need to move often over long distances. The total benefits from the transition to electric vehicles are largely higher than the costs. Due to the improvement of the environmental situation, not only the quality of life of the population increases, but the capitalization of all production and public facilities in the country is growing.
The main approaches to the basic concepts of warehousing logistics in the works of russian and foreign authors are considered. the peculiarities of understanding the terms “warehouse”, “warehousing”, “warehousing system” are revealed. the main historical stages of the development of warehouses and storage facilities are reflected. based on the information provided, the following key features are highlighted: the warehouse is a complex system with its own interconnections and internal processes; a modern warehouse economy should be formed according to an optimized logistics system, of which it is a part, and be able to adapt to the slightest fluctuations and changes in this system; difficulties arising in the field of building a warehousing system can be solved with the help of a competently and clearly developed warehouse model based on the application of a logistics approach and the development of an adaptive warehouse management algorithm.
In order to make science-based decisions related to business security by the owners and management of the enterprise, the following tasks are solved in the article: the organisational structure of the economic security service of the enterprise, as well as the main functions of its divisions, are developed. The relevance of solving these problems is primarily due to the low efficiency of law enforcement agencies in protecting property rights and economic interests of domestic entrepreneurs. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the development of a basic, universal organisational structure of the economic security service of a modern enterprise. Starting from the goal of creating an economic security service, using a systematic and risk-oriented approach, its tasks have been collected, defined and comprehensively analyzed. Taking into account the increased complexity and confidentiality of tasks, based on the structural and functional approach, the functions of the economic security service of the enterprise were formulated, which were structured and distributed to specific departments. Elements of scientific novelty are also the recognition of the existence of intelligence units of the economic security service of enterprises operating in violation of the law, as well as an analysis of their functions in order to develop the organisational structure of counterintelligence units.
ECONOMICS: PROBLEMS, SOLUTIONS AND PROSPECTS
The article suggests model for predicting the level of money laundering on the basis of data from the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation on the state of economic crime in Russia since the beginning of 2011. Using a seasonally integrated autoregressive moving average (SARIMA) model, it compares different regression models for the research tasks (linear regression, logistic regression, autoregressive and SARIMA). The necessity of taking into account seasonal regularities in the structure of money laundering was underlined, and the SARIMA model with the lowest deviations from the actual values was chosen. The necessity of taking into account seasonal regularities in the structure of money laundering was underlined, and the SARIMA model with the lowest deviations from the actual values was chosen. The article presents the results of data analysis using the method of least squares, calculating the mean squared error (MSE). High accuracy of short-term forecasts was noted: the deviation from the actual number of cases is about three cases (with the average number of cases being 68 over the last 10 years). The forecasting model can be recommended for implementation in the analytical complexes of financial monitoring and supervisory authorities.
The unified tax payment is to simplify the payment of taxes, reduce the time for filling out payment documents and reduce the number of mistakes in them. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the use of the unified tax payment from the perspective of its impact on tax administration and taxpayers’ activities.
In this article, the authors set the following tasks: to determine the procedure for paying the unified tax payment; to assess the possibility of expanding the practice of its application and identify possible problems.The data on the voluntary remittances of the unified tax payment by physical persons during the period from 2019 to 2022 is presented. A critical analysis of the draft laws No. 46702-8 «On Amendments to Part One and Part Two of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation (in terms of improving the procedure for paying taxes) and No. 20281-8 «On conducting an experiment to establish a special tax regime «Automated simplified taxation system» is carried out. The paper highlights the main problems which companies may face if the institution of the «unified tax payment» is applied on a mandatory basis and identifies the possible ways to solve them. The authors’ recommendations and conclusions can be used in the development of conceptual provisions of tax policy.
The article considers the mechanism used to calculate the land tax. caused by the overestimation by the state of the cadastral value of land plots used as a tax base, which leads to the problem of economically unreasonable taxation for taxpayers. The directions for improving the mechanism of land tax calculation and changing the practice of taxation have been formed. The analysis of normative legal base, taxation practice, statistical data, economic publications devoted to the mechanism of land tax assessment has been carried out. The article contains judgments of the continuous presence of a significant overestimation of the tax base for the land tax in the tax system of Russia, which leads to the unreliable definition of the taxpayer’s tax liability. It is concluded that in case of disagreement of an organization or an individual with the amount of tax base, its revision is carried out within the framework of tax relations using the principle of economic feasibility and equality of taxation and calculation method developed by economic science to protect taxpayer’s rights.
The article reveals the concept of fixed assets, which is used in the accounting system of the public sector. The points of view of scientists on the problem of accounting (budgetary) accounting of fixed assets are considered, their work is analyzed in terms of the completeness of disclosure of types of long-term assets. New classification features are proposed, the types of fixed assets are specified from the standpoint of the current accounting and budgetary legislation.The types of fixed assets that characterize the availability and condition, including those as of the inventory date, having a cost characteristic, signs of impairment, depending on the depreciation group and depreciation method, are determined. The interrelation of the introduced types of fixed assets with economic benefits and useful potential is indicated. The types of fixed assets from the standpoint of public procurement are identified. Explanations of the introduced groupings are given.
The article analyzes the economic results of the crisis year 2020, identifies the factors that had a negative impact on the results of the year, examines the dynamics of macroeconomic indicators, determines the impact of various industries on GDP. The results of the analysis of citizens’ incomes for 2020, the dynamics of changes in the number of unemployed and the number of Russian citizens with incomes below the established subsistence level are presented. Restrictive measures related to the pandemic and the results of their effect on the socio-economic development of Russia and some foreign countries are considered, the main anti-crisis measures are listed. The content and objectives of the “National Action Plan”, which is aimed at restoring the Russian economy, are briefly formulated. In conclusion, the main challenges and risks in the implementation of the “National Action Plan” are formulated, which provides both an increase in employment, an increase in citizens’ incomes, the restoration of economic growth and a fundamental changes in the structure of the economy.
The purpose of this study is to analyze the concept of territories of advanced socio-economic development and their role in the development of regions through the synergy of instruments for attracting private capital and mitigating the consequences of economic crises. The research methods used were systematization in terms of analyzing the essence of special economic zones, generalization of concepts analyzing the functions of territories of advanced development in Russia, a graphical method of presenting information. To achieve the purpose of the study, the following tasks have been solved: the essence of special economic zones and their role in the economic development of the state has been clarified; an analysis of the functioning of the territories of the advanced in Russia has been presented: the number of residents and jobs, the amount of declared investments are growing annually. The results of the study include: systematization of characteristics and statistical data on the functioning of territories of advanced socio-economic development in Russia; justification of the insufficient effectiveness of such territories and the functions performed by them; clarification of the need to activate the main function of the territories of advanced socio-economic development to attract private capital.
INVESTMENT VALUATION
It is very important to constantly increase investment attractiveness for a company, evaluating and improving it according to various indicators and factors. The following include: financial position of the company, market stability, level of competitiveness, management, structure of liabilities, etc. But it is also important to assess the social role of the company in its impact on society. Recently, the topic of business social responsibility has been widely discussed, and it is not a secret that when evaluating a company from the point of view of a potential object for attracting investments, investors pay close attention to its corporate social responsibility. In this paper, we will talk about the so-called “ethical investments”, which help to improve the reputation and image of the company, thereby increasing its investment attractiveness.
FINANCE AND BANKING
One of the most dangerous risks of growing socio-economic inequality is the ability of the latter to that it can transform into political inequality, initiate the creation of extractive economic institutions and lead to the degradation of the country’s development. The article provides a critical analysis of the modern classification of instruments of economic inequality regulation presented at the Peterson Institute conference in 2019. Based on this concept, an expanded and more universal classification of methods and tools is proposed, and the most relevant ones are discussed taking into account modern realities. In conclusion, we gave recommendations for the Governments of developed and developing countries concerning the priorities in choice of methods and instruments of socio-economic inequality regulation in order to avoid an increase in excessive economic inequality and subsequent socio-economic problems.
SOCIAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESSES
The purpose of this study is to study the possibilities of applying the turquoise type organization model in creative industries, where there is a need for constant staff development to achieve maximum results. When analyzing the turquoise organization model, a number of factors should be taken into account, on which it relies, and also choose from a number of them those that really have a significant impact on the formation of the turquoise approach in creative industries. At a certain stage, from a non-standard creative management model, one way or another, it is necessary to return to traditional management methods while maintaining the basic principles of the turquoise organization, which can be considered as a standard. The introduction of such tools into the creative team/process management system qualitatively improves the mechanism of managerial decision-making, and also allows it to be debugged through unidirectional actions of both managers and the entire creative team. To implement the task of standardization, a universal model of quantitative assessment of qualitative indicators was developed, taking into account the dynamics of their changes. At the same time, a model was built for selecting indicators for the formation of a set of personnel characteristics in order to benchmark them relative to the level of the same characteristics of the turquoise organization, taking into account the possibility of their transversal change over time.
The article explores the issue of the structural transformation of the contemporary American academic system, namely one of the main formats existing in it – universities and their functioning during the first months of the spread of coronavirus infection. The COVID-19 pandemic has had the vast and most comprehensive impact on the higher education systems of the first world countries, which was demonstrated in the article. It is worth noting that the actively current trends of digitalisation, computerisation and the general implementation of the advancements of the scientific and technological progress of the higher education system were overlapped by the new emergency conditions of the pandemic and the need to choose a different format of functioning in the current situation. The ongoing transformations and structural alterations are most visible in the United States of America, due to a number of factors – from the historical dynamism of the development of the American higher education system to its active role in the development and rollout of technological advancements. The American academic system is introduced and analysed in two main formats: public universities and private ones. Each group of the indicated universities has chosen its own strategy of functioning and implemented it in practice, resting on individual factors and conditions. Nevertheless, there is already a separation between these two large groups of American universities in the implementation of functioning strategies during the coronavirus pandemic. The analysis of factors, conditions, contexts and actions of universities from these groups allows us to understand not only the dynamics of the development of the American academic system at the moment but also will allow us to comprehend its future transformations and alterations.
The purpose of this study is to analyze family values in Iranian and Russian cinema. The main objective of the study is to identify key trends related to the subject of the work based on the analysis of a number of Iranian and Russian films. As a result of the study, the authors found out that in the modern cinema of these countries, we often encounter negative trends indicating the disintegration of the traditional family. The source of these trends is the negative influence of the West, and in particular, Western cinema. The relevance of this topic is determined by the fact that the family as a social institution plays an important role in the society and culture of the country. In turn, cinema as a cultural tool has an impact on the process of forming the institution of the family. In this regard, a certain repertoire policy, regulated at the highest, state level, is able to influence a certain development of the institution of the family of a particular country. The article analyzes the activities of Russia and Iran at the state level aimed at protecting their culture. The main laws and draft laws that contribute (or will contribute) to the strengthening of traditional family values in the culture of Russia and Iran in general and cinema in particular are analyzed.
CURRENT TRENDS IN PSYCHOLOGY
In this article, there are considered concepts of emotional and professional burnout, carried out their differentiation, based on the scope of their manifestation and the specifics of the type of activity. That raised the problem of the possibility of the existence of emotional burnout of children, which predictor may be the educational environment, and it has a significant impact on the psychological well-being of the subjects of the educational process. The purpose of the study was to identify the existence of emotional burnout of children in the educational environment. To achieve it, the authors proposed and implemented the following tasks: 1) to highlight the specific features of summer camps as an educational environment; 2) to determine the preconditions leading to the emotional burnout of children in the educational environment; 3) to adapt the methodology for diagnosing emotional burnout of children; 4) to measure the levels of emotional burnout at the beginning and at the end of the session in camp and to compare the identified indicators using methods of mathematical statistics (Student’s t-test for dependent samples). The adapted russification of the Maslach Questionnaire (MBI) by N.E. Vodopyanova was used on a sample of 10 to 16 years old. The result of empirical research demonstrated the existence of emotional burnout of children and opened the perspectives for research into the phenomenon of children’s emotional burnout.
The article is devoted to the study of the features of the personal adaptability structure of 1st year students of a medical university studying on a budgetary basis. The concept of the phenomenon of adaptability is given, various approaches to understanding the structural components of adaptability are analyzed. The study used the method of Kolpakova L.M., which reveals the adaptive attitude of the individual to difficult situations, and the method of Maklakov A.G., which diagnoses the adaptive abilities of the individual. Based on the results of the study, conclusions were drawn about the deficiency of the level of reflective-evaluative, cognitive-emotional components of adaptability and the general level of adaptive abilities of this group of students. The analysis of the behavioral component of adaptability demonstrates the opposite result of its parameters; based on the results of the analysis of the motivational-semantic component, average indicators for both of its parameters were revealed. It has been established that the majority of respondents have signs of character accentuations with a tendency to behavioral reactions of a neurotic type, low emotional stability and signs of a socio-oriented personality orientation.
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