The digital advertising development features and prospects in the world and in the Russian Federation in particular have been considered. An approach to defining the advertising concept essence in the digital field has been presented. A summary of the scientific research results has made it possible to identify the industry’s growth constraints and its main development drivers, as well as define the importance and distinguishing features of modern advertising campaigns in the digital space. Based on analysis of current data from relevant organisations for the digital advertising market, an increase in growth rates has been identified overall by region and country, as well as for individual advertising segments. 

The terms and definitions involved in the research paper have been analysed and divided into two semantic groups. A historical reference on the history of ethics formation as a science has been given. On its basis the current state of ethics and its problems have been formed. The main trends in the Internet advertising market have been analysed, as a result of which the main directions of development in the sphere and the problems arising from this have been determined. A semantic and structural analysis of the existing ethical codes of related fields has been carried out. As a result, existing shortcomings have been revealed. Based on the work done, a template has been proposed, which in the future can serve as a basis for creating similar models in other areas. 

To be competitive in the marketplace, a company needs a workforce capable to perform its labour functions effectively, respond flexibly to scientific and technological advances, increasing labour productivity and profits of company. This problem can be solved through staff professional and personal development. The aim of the study is to create a conceptual model of staff professional and personal development. Research methods are theoretical analysis of the problem, study of economic and psychological literature, system analysis, theoretical modelling. The article presents a model for staff professional and personal development based on an integrative approach and a personal developmental principle. It reveals the main factors affecting development, stages and work methods. The introduction of staff development mechanisms based on this model will contribute to improving the organisation’s efficiency. 

A  geographically dispersed workforce poses new challenges for managers, which shift the focus from project management to managing distributed project teams. Adapting the company and its management to this evolution in the workplace, it is necessary to create an  environment in which remote team members interact productively. Distributed work requires operational flexibility from companies, which is characterised by  greater susceptibility to changes in their markets, to new emerging customer requirements and new competitive threats. The article is devoted to the identification of factors contributing to the transition of companies to the distributed workforce, the advantages of this type of work, and the difficulties that companies will face. 

The author outlined a microeconomic agents role in the connections system in the macroeconomic space; explored the changes features in the Russian organisation at different stages of the country’s development in conjunction with changes in the values of the era; revealed the modern economic agent specifics, his worldview and value orientations; established the transformation process causal relationship of the modern economic space and the challenges facing the organisation; justified the need to take into account the stakeholder groups values in management; systematised organisation management methods based on a value-based approach. The article used evolutionary and historical, cause-and-effect research methods, the analysis and synthesis method, scientific abstraction method. The result of the study is the proposed managing methods in a modern organisation based on a value-oriented approach. 

The research purpose is to clarify and supplement the Value Chain Management theory and methodology by substantiating its main variants, improving the terminological apparatus and improving the relationships between the links of this chain. Classification methods, analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction were chosen as research methods, and binary matrices formed on the basis of classification attributes and their dichotomies were used as the research tool. The article states the following new results: the necessity of studying the term “value life cycle”; proposes directions for improving the “Management by value” concept in relation to chains in statics and dynamics; develops forms classifications for obtaining value by the consumer and supplier and Value Chain Management objects; and also develops the algorithm for creating consumer and supplier values. The obtained results make it possible to reduce the lost profit of the links in value chain due to the functions rational distribution, powers, performers’responsibility and eliminating organisational barriers on the flows trajectories of various value forms and related resources. 

Within the sectoral structure of the national economy, audiovisual industries are parts of the cultural industry. Cinema is a particularly effective means of satisfying the human need for affective self-expression and establishing emotional communication between people. To increase the audiovisual product competitiveness, an analysis of the digital technologies impact on it was carried out in order to attract an additional audience. It is noted that modern technologies have paved the way for multifunctional devices: the creative process is increasingly becoming technological in nature. The use of digital technologies has led to the creation of high-quality films. Due to technological progress, the equipment becomes available to more participants in the film business. Digital technologies have become a powerful and accessible tool that allows non-professional artists/directors to enter the cinematic space. However, for the author’s cinema, digital technologies have only become a tool to improve picture quality, as well as expand the capabilities for the artist / director to bring their ideas to life on screen. 

The functioning of the regional operators’ territorial infrastructure of solid municipal waste management revealed a number of problems. The article considers the initial phase of the solid municipal waste management life cycle – the organisation of separate waste collection, which requires joint construction, technological, financial and social solutions, with close cooperation between the state, business and the population. The need to introduce new technologies for the organic waste separate collection, new design solutions in residential buildings under construction for the solid municipal waste separate collection has been noted. In order to monitor waste management processes, coordinate and make decisions to ensure their sustainable functioning, it has been proposed to form an automated information system at the federal level allowing communication to close all regional operators into a unified sectoral information system. 

The difficulties and problems faced by economic entities, countries and regions, in general, on the way to implementing the achievements and developments of Industry 4.0 have been designated in the article. Special attention has been paid to economic and production aspects, as well as changes in the relevant systems in the context of radical technological transformations. In particular, it has been established that markets are becoming oligopolistic, the role and importance of medium and small businesses is significantly increasing, the problems of social inequality and tension in connection with growing unemployment and the need for highly qualified personnel are becoming more acute. In addition, the features of competition for technologies, investments, sales markets, territories of productive forces location have been highlighted. Attention has also been focused on the main “revolutionary” trends in industrial development associated with the launch of the innovation and technological cycle initiated by “Industry 4.0”. Specific actions and measures have been identified to implement these trends into reality. 

A significant form of constitutional rights implementation by Russians is the institution of local self-government, which has an important role to play in the civil society formation. Federal Law dated on December 21, 2021, No. 414-FZ “On the General Principles of the Organisation of Public Power in the Constituent Entities of the Russian Federation” reveals the constitutional provisions for the public power unified system organisation in the constituent entities of the Russian Federation. Currently, a draft federal law reflecting the general principles of the local self-government organisation in the public power single system is being discussed. The article analyses the main provisions of this draft law related to the public self-government development, civil society and the representative power formation at the municipal level and identifies their imperfections. 

The article is devoted to the generalisation and analysis of key trends in the global oil refining industry development in the current conditions of the coronavirus pandemic, when significant structural and organisational changes are taking place both in the world energy markets and in the states economies as a whole. In the context of the current situation, the largest oil refineries strategies are changing, taking into account the current lockdown risks. The article shows that the large oil reserves accumulation is one of the most significant challenges for the petroleum products global production, but the main risk is still a decrease in global demand for motor fuels. The author thinks that forecasts for the world oil refining development should be done carefully, taking into account the various trajectories of the post-pandemic world markets development, the gradual removal of  restrictions on transport links between countries, changes in the some sectors structure, in particular, international tourism. As part of our study, further options for the global value chains development in the industry have been assessed, which will tend to localise, and the “digital” factor in their development will be decisive. 

The article substantiates the importance of stimulating the information and telecommunication technologies development for the economy and considers the experience of using public-private partnership tool for investment in the IT technologies field in Russia and abroad. Conclusions about the specifics and dynamics of implementation of these projects in developing countries of the world have been made. Using regression analysis, the macroeconomic factors influencing the investments volume in the information and telecommunication technologies sector through public-private partnership tool have been identified and, based on a sample of developing countries, the specific sectoral determinants influence on public-private partnership activity has been studied. The conclusions formulated in the article can serve as a practical guide for private investors and government authorities when launching public-private partnership-projects in the information and telecommunication technologies sector. 

The article presents the main provisions of the author’s Concept of monitoring the shadow economy through the economic and mathematical analysis of the shadow cashless cash flow. According to the author’s concept, the object of shadow economy monitoring has been specified, priority areas of shadow economy monitoring have been outlined, the tasks of ensuring economic security of the Russian Federation have been revealed. The necessity (relevance) of implementing the author's Concept has been substantiated: the disadvantages of existing methods of shadow economy assessment have been outlined and the advantages of the proposed author’s scientific approach allowing to minimise the above disadvantages have been presented. The result of a critical analysis of the shortcomings of the scientific idea itself has been presented and the further research directions have been determined. 

The aim of the article is to identify the problems encountered in the digitalisation process in accounting, consider ways of implementing digital transformation, and proposals to improve the enterprise’s accounting apparatus quality and efficiency. In accordance with this aim, the following research objectives have been defined: to justify the need to introduce digitalisation in the accounting field, determine key digital technologies, identify the transformation problems and advantages. In the course of the study, ways to solve urgent problems have been proposed, such as planning for digital transformation and the qualified employees lack in this field. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the prerequisites for the digital technologies introduction into the enterprise accounting department. As the results of the study, the need to compile competencies in digital technologies and introduce digitalisation into accounting has been identified. The main conclusion of the article is the necessity to digitalise the accounting aspect in order to generate reliable data on a company’s financial position. 

The article reveals the historical features of foreign trade and its transport support in the East African region. In the course of the study an analysis of the export-import cargo flows structure in East Africa both in the colonial period and at the present time has been carried out. The region infrastructure facilities, including seaports, have been considered, their attractiveness for investments and doing business has been taken into account. The current level of container line service for providing the foreign economic transactions transport component has been shown and the main East African ports by level of line service and container turnover have been identified. The main problems and opportunities for increasing East African trade supplies and their logistics services have been revealed. 

The article substantiates that the business relations functioning model has exhausted itself and in this connection there is an urgent need for society in a scientific approach to the market economy organisation. The methodology of the research proceeds from the unity of the historical and logical in the market economy development, the need to replace its obsolete forms with more developed ones, which is possible on the basis of modern economic science. The results include such methodological tasks as the material and technical base modernisation of the domestic economy, the business relations scientific organisation and the new intellectually advanced and mobile employee formation, as well as applied directions of their implementation in the scientific regulation form of these processes, taking into account the requirements of the socio-economic laws system and the updated state mission. Finally, the conclusion has been formulated about the need to accelerate the implementation of the proposed strategic and tactical directions of social development as objective measures proposed by modern economic science. 

The article demonstrates the cost-output-profit method possibilities for use by cultural organisations, studies the hypothetical cost recovery possibility from entertainment events, develops practical tools for their financial analytics. Managerial and financial analysis, econometric and graphical construction functions methods have been used. The “proof to the contrary” methods have been applied to investigate the performing arts organisations unprofitability, first substantiated by W. Baumol and W. Bowen. With regard to cultural organisations in the conditions of two-year epidemiological restrictions, a normative threshold occupancy of the hall has been established. Retaining a certain revenue share from ticket sales is not enough to cover current rental costs. In this context, economic performance analytics (operational leverage calculation, break-even analysis) is necessary to analyse the performing arts organisations losses in a pandemic. On the example of the “increased demand” performance, the hypothesis on the existence of a break-even point in which incomes and expenses are balanced has been rejected. The novelty of the study lies in fact that different methods of calculating production costs for theatres have been summarised and a methodology for checking the break-even points existence for organising entertainment events in the long and short term has been presented. 

Digital transformation, at present, can be recognized as one of the crisis management tools. Therefore, the relevance of scientific work is manifested in the peculiarities of organisation management in the digitalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic. The subject of the study is the experience of applying digital business transformation in foreign companies. The analysis of new trends in the digital technologies development, as well as their impact on the business processes transformation, taking place in foreign companies has been carried out. The main features of the organisation’s management in the digitalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic have been determined. The scientific novelty lies in the identification and study of the main ways of mastering digital technologies used by foreign organisations during the crisis in order to maintain business competitiveness. 

The article considers the investment sources in transport, justifies the need for financial investments on the example of costs on a global and Russian scale. The dynamics of changes in investments by categories of transport routes for 2016–2019 has been analysed. The research of the authors’scientific works on this topic has been given. Renovation and optimisation of the transport structure brings a number of advantages to the Russian transport infrastructure. In addition to the positive aspects of infrastructure modernisation, there is a percentage of losses – these are risks from investments. The methodology of the study presents formulas for calculations, by which the investment programs profitability has been determined. As a solution to the lack of investment funds, the creation of aggregate investment sources has been proposed. 

The digitalisation of the economy and the global coronavirus pandemic transfer competition for consumers into a virtual Internet environment, in which the enterprise success depends on its digital capital, which includes an Internet communication system with potential consumers. The article reveals the regularities and trends in the development of the enterprises digital capital focused on the retail market for the period 2017–2021. Economic and variance analysis of digital capital indicators based on the enterprises formed samples has been carried out. It has been noted that the leaders in the demand for websites are the trade and services industries. The global coronavirus pandemic in 2020–2021 became a powerful growth driver, with the major effect on enterprise website promotion is observed with a one year lag (in 2021). It has been found that the most industries enterprises are practically not engaged in the paid traffic development for their sites. Only real estate agencies actively interact with advertising Internet services. It has been shown that the enterprises digital capital development constantly requires new impulses or growth drivers and enterprises in most studied industries do not use the full opportunities range for increasing digital capital. 

Recently, there has been an increase in the number of companies seeking to create digital platforms. Developing and investing in their own original content has opened up the opportunity for Russian services and companies to promote it on foreign platforms, gaining access to new markets and increasing attractiveness for potential foreign investors. The cultural content transmission works on the principle of streaming, which continuously delivers individualised information to the user via the Internet. Domestic OTT services, unlike TV channels, have not yet decided on their positioning. Platforms do not focus on individual segments, but on a variety of content that has a potential viewer. This strategy is aimed at attracting the maximum number of new subscribers. The emergence of streaming services has brought with it new opportunities for producers from various countries. In order to effectively promote audiovisual content, the authors justified and selected criteria for conducting a comparative analysis of mechanisms for promoting audiovisual works on foreign OTT services so that the company could choose the most appropriate one for itself. 

The modern features of the moral and ethical values implementation in the individual’s and society’s economic life have been considered. The negative consequences of the moral norms current system in economic relations and the difficulties of taking into account the activity’s ethical aspects have been revealed. The economic life key problems of a part of modern society have been indicated, namely: “goals substitution by means” and “absolute norms loss”, which gradually turns the humanity’s life into an instinctive struggle of living organisms for the goods consumption. In conclusion, attention has been paid to the need to organise axiological studies of the Russian economic life and foreign countries in order to increase the economic security level of organisational and managerial solutions to the national economy problems. 

The article was prepared on the basis of the results of the sociological research “Social networks and electoral potential”. The research methods included conducting focus groups involving young people aged 17 to 25 and subsequent content analysis of the data obtained. The purpose of the survey was to identify the opinion of young people about the heroes of our time, the concept of heroism and heroic professions. The study is unique in its analysis of the blogosphere and bloggers from the point of view of contemporary heroism and the identification of the social networks role in this process. The results of the study showed that Generation Z is striving to acquire a social mission in their activities and the theme of heroism moves into the plane of everyday life: everyone can become a hero. 

The transformation of the traditional ideal of “Xiao Kang”, created in Ancient China, into the modern socio-economic development model with practical results has been analysed in the article. To this end, the specificity of the Confucian ideas of “Xiao Kang”, the long path of their restoration, cultivation, formalisation and transformation into clear guidelines for the strategic future of the country has been reviewed. The current theoretical provisions characterising “Xiao Kang” society, the Engel coefficient indicators used to measure the people’s living standard in contemporary China have been highlighted. Special attention in the article has been paid to understanding the role of “Xiao Kang” in shaping the Chinese development model, using this ideal image to show the advantages of Chinese goods in domestic and foreign markets, positioning the Chinese internationally and creating a sense of exclusivity and elitism in the Chinese nation. 

The authors emphasise two necessary conditions for civil society: the existence of a public space and a social activism culture that protects personal autonomy. The last condition was substantially developed in the Enlightenment Age, when the belief that civil society was a counterbalance to the state became widespread. In this article the authors justify point of view according to which the connection between the state and the civil society is subject to the dialectics of unity and struggle of opposites. The formation of civil society is closely linked to the development of the bourgeois class under the aegis of the state during the industrial revolution, which was the main focus of Enlightenment thinkers from T. Hobbes to H. Hegel. The social structures growing complexity and the bourgeois society conflict potential was reflected in the liberal constitutionalism which was the basis for diverse political changes leaded to formation of the civil society institutions. The authors conclude that a contemporary civic culture is all the more likely to be successful the deeper Enligtenment’s ideological potential, which includes the pluralism values, the free and self-governing citizen associations ideological diversity is realised . 

The formation and labour capital modification in the context of the economic socialisation determined by the search for new qualitative characteristics and factors, the most favorable conditions for the accumulation and fuller human potential use. The solution to this problem must be taken out of the labour capital framework and solved in the economic relations system, in which the signs of its socialisation should be adequately developed, aimed at improving the employee position in the professional relations system. The economic socialisation is expressed in an increase in the employee role not only as an object, but also as the labour process subject, in changing its quantitative and qualitative characteristics and role functions within the framework of a socially responsible orientation. This study defines the determinants and modification factors of labour capital: improving the labour capital structure, developing production social factors, improving working conditions and discipline, labour activity and creative initiative. The main parameters, characteristics and sources of labour capital development have been identified: educational and professional level, health and professional longevity, sanitary and hygienic conditions and a healthy working environment, labour and creative activity, social responsibility and participation in management. 

The article presents the results of a study carried out at Bauman Moscow State Technical University (National Research University) in order to identify students’ expectations regarding the directions of professional education transformation. Based on the results of the analysis of student’s essays, the following priority technologies that students consider innovative were highlighted: 1) developing social competencies, 2) contributing practice-oriented learning, 3) gamification, 4) visualisation (taking into account modern technologies), 5) tutoring (mentoring, coaching). As the main innovation of the last two years, students note distance learning, the distance technologies integration into the traditional educational process. The results of the study may be of interest both to the universities management and to the teaching staff. 

In this article, the author conducts a comprehensive theoretical analysis of the possibilities of using interactive (dialogue) work forms in the context of increasing the self-esteem level of adolescent children. Mainly, the current activity areas of a teacher-psychologist with younger and older adolescents are analysed. The main advantages of the subject-subject work form are formed, as well as the potential opportunities for introducing modern information technologies into the work system on the self-esteem level of adolescents are given. Thus, the theoretical analysis results carried out allow us to note that interactive work forms provide colossal variant directions for the psychological and pedagogical diagnostic implementation and directly corrective activity aspects. Among other things, the key feature of their application is the ability to adapt the dialogue to the personal characteristics of each teenager, which increases the successful communication likelihood and further psychological and pedagogical support organisation. 

The article justifies the need to transform the lecturer’s (professor’s) image in a changing environment, formulates the requirements for the image of a higher school lecturer (professor) in a new digital reality, determines the image formation stages. The study uses institutional and structural analysis methods, system analysis methods, human capital research methods, panel research and data collection method. The research paper can be used for the purposes of organising professional development for educational institutions lecturers (professors), organising trainings and courses on shaping and correcting the lecturer’s (professor’s) image. The article also gives an opportunity to understand the role of high education institution image in ensuring the effectiveness of his professional activities in the new information environment and substantiate the need for in-depth research in such areas as the psychology of teacher personality in professional activities, the impact of teacher personality on the educational process efficiency, the impact of lecturer’s (professor’s) image on the university’s rating indicators.